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Mechanism of action
MOA of drugs
| DRUG | MOA |
|---|---|
| Competitive blockers (SM Relaxants) | Prevent ACh from binding to the NMJ and prevent depolarisation |
| Persistent depolarisers (SM Relaxants) | ACh analogues binding to NMJ and depolarise for a longer time |
| DIRECTLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS | PREVENT CALCIUM ION CHANNEL |
| MEPHENESIN | INHIBIT POLYSYNAPTIC REFLEXES |
| BENZODIAZEPINE | INCREASE GABA CHANNELS |
| GABA DERIVATIVE | INCREASES GABA ACTION |
| CENTRAL ALPHA-2 AGONIST | PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION WHICH INHIBITS RELEASE OF EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS |
| QUININE | DECREASES THE EXCITABILITY OF THE NMJ |
| BOTULINUM | PREVENTS CALCIUM DEPENDENT ACh RELEASE |
| LOCAL ANAESTHETICS | BLOCK Na CHANNELS |
| THIAZIDE DIURETICS | REDUCE REABSORPTION OF Na AND WATER IN THE PROXIMAL PART OF DISTAL TUBULE |
| LOOP DIURETICS | REDUCE REABSORPTION IN LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE |
| POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS | REDUCE REABSORPTION OF Na AT THE DISTAL PART OF THE DISTAL TUBULE AND ALSO REDUCE K EXCRETION |
| ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAG | REDUCE ALDOSTERONE IN ORDER TO PREVENT Na AND WATER REABSORPTION IN DT AND CT |
| OSMOTIC DIURETICS | INCREASE THE OSMOLARITY OF THE FILTRATE AND INCREASES THE FILTRATION LOAD AND REDUCES REABSORPTION . DUE TO HIGH OSMOTIC PRESSURE ADH IS ALSO INEFFECTIVE |
| CA INHIBITORS | PREVENT THE ENZYME FEOM ACTING AND HENCE PREVENT Na AND WATER REABSORPTION |
| XANTHINES | DILATES AFFERENT ARTERIOLES and prevents reabsorption of water and Na |
| VASOPRESSIN | INCREASES REABSORPTION OF Na AND WATER |
| HYDRALAZINE | INCREASES NITRIC OXIDE AND K CHANNELS TO CAUSE VASODILATION |
| MINOXIDIL | K CHANNEL OPENER |
| BUMETANIDE | BLOCKS REABSORPTION OF SODIUM AND WATER IN THE ASCENDING LIMB OF LOOP OF HENLE |
| CARVEDILOL | ALPHA 1 AND BETA 1 , 2 BLOCKER ; VENTRICULAR FAILURE |
| PRAVASTATIN | HMG CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR |
| CHOLESTYRAMINE | BILE ACID BINDING RESINS; USED IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
| COLESTIPOL | BILE ACID BINDING RESINS; USED IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
| COLESELVAM | BILE ACID BINDING RESINS; USED IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA |
| EZETIMIBE | INHIBITS INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF CHOLESTEROL |
| GEMFIBROZIL | LpL ACTIVATORS |
| FENOFIBRATE | LpL ACTIVATORS |
| BEZAFIBRATE | LpL ACTIVATORS |
| NIACIN / NICOTINIC ACID | INHIBITS APO B CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS |
| DIMENHYDRINATE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (I) ; ANTI MOTION |
| DIPHENHYDRAMINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (I) ; ANTI MOTION SICKNESS , ANTI PARKINSONS , LOCAL ANAESTHETIC |
| DOXYLAMINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (I) ; SLEEP AID |
| HYDROXYZINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (I) ; ANTI EMETIC |
| PROMETHAZINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (I); ANTI EMETIC , ANTI PARKINSON , LA |
| CYCLIZINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (I); ANTI MOTION |
| MECLIZINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (I) ; anti motion |
| FEXOFENADINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (II) ; ANTI INFLAMMATORY |
| CETIRIZINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (II) ; |
| LEVOCETIRIZINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (II) ; |
| DESLORATIDINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (II) ; ANTI INFLAMMATORY |
| LORATADINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC (II) ; |
| CIMETIDINE | ANTI H2 ; BLOCK SECRETION OF GASTRIC ACID |
| RANITIDINE | ANTI H2 ; BLOCK SECRETION OF GASTRIC ACID |
| FAMOTIDINE | ANTI H2 ; BLOCK SECRETION OF GASTRIC ACID |
| NIZATIDINE | ANTI H2 ; BLOCK SECRETION OF GASTRIC ACID |
| CROMOLYN SODIUM | HISTAMINE RELEASE INHIBITORS ; ASTHMA , RHINITIS |
| NEDOCROMOLYN SODIUM | HISTAMINE RELEASE INHIBITORS ; ASTHMA , RHINITIS |
| KETOTIFEN | ANTI H1 WITH MAST CELL STABILISING ACTION |
| BUSPIRONE | 5 HT AGONISTS ; ANTI ANXIETY |
| SUMATRIPTAN | 5HT1B , 5HT1C AGONIST , ANTI MIGRAINE |
| CISAPRIDE | 5HT4 AGONISTS , GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX |
| RENZAPRIDE | 5HT4 AGONISTS , GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX |
| TEGASEROD | 5HT4 PARTIAL AGONIST , IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME |
| DEXFENFLURAMINE | NON SELECTIVE 5HT RECEPTOR AGONIST , SPPETITE SUPRESSANT |
| LSD | NON SELECTIVE 5HT AGONIST ; HALLUCINOGEN |
| KETANSERIN | 5HT2A ANTAG , ANTI HYPERTENSIVE , RAYNAUDS DISEASE |
| RITANSERIN | 5HT2A ANTAG |
| ONDANSETRON | 5HT3 ANTAG , POST OP ANTIEMETIC , CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED ALSO |
| DOLASETRON | 5HT3 ANTAG , POST OP ANTIEMETIC |
| GRANISETRON | 5HT3 ANTAG , POST OP ANTIEMETIC |
| CLOZAPINE | 5HT AND DOPAMINE ANTAG , ANTIPSYCHOTIC |
| OLANZAPINE | 5HT AND DOPAMINE ANTAG , ANTIPSYCHOTIC |
| RISPERIDONE | 5HT AND DOPAMINE ANTAG , ANTIPSYCHOTIC |
| METHYLSERGIDE | 5HT 2A ANTAG ; USED IN MIGRAINE PROPHYLAXIS |
| CYPROHEPTADINE | 5HT 2A ANTAG , POSTGASTRECTOMY AND CARCINOID |
| ERGOTAMINE | PARTIAL AGONIST 5HT , |
| BROMOCRIPTINE | PARTIAL AGONIST 5HT , PARKINSON |
| ERGOMETRINE | PARTIAL AGONIST 5HT , PREVENT POST PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE |
| DINOPROSTONE | PGE2 ; INDUCING ABORTION , LABOUR AND POST PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE PREVENTION |
| MISOPROSTOL | PGE2 ; ABORTIFACIENT , PEPTIC ULCER |
| CARBOPROST | PGF2ALPHA , ABORTIFACIENT , LABOUR AND POST PARTUM HAEMORRHAGE PREVENTION |
| ENPROSTIL | PGE2 , PEPTIC ULCER |
| EPOPROSTENOL | PGI2 , PREVENT PLATELET AGGREG , DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS , PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
| LATANOPROST | PGF2 ALPHA , USED IN GLAUCOMA |
| ALPROSTADIL | PGE1 , NALE IMPOTENCE |
| ZAFIRLUKAST | cys LT RECEPTOR ANTAG |
| MONTELEUKAST | cys LT RECEPTOR ANTAG |
| IRALUKAST | cys LT RECEPTOR ANTAG |
| ZILEUTON | LIPOOXYGENASE INHIBITOR ; ANTI ASTHMA AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY |
| SULFASALAZINE | NONSELECTIVE IRREVERSIBLE OF COX , ULCERATIVE COLITIS , ARTHRITIS |
| SODIUM SALICYLATE | NONSELECTIVE IRREVERSIBLE OF COX |
| METHYL SALICYLATE | NONSELECTIVE IRREVERSIBLE OF COX |
| PHENYLBUTAZONE | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX |
| OXYPHENBUTAZONE | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX |
| IBUPROFEN | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX |
| KETOPROFEN | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX |
| MEFENAMIC ACID | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX , DYEMENNORHOEA , OSTEOARTHRITIS |
| FLUFENAMIC ACID | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX |
| PIROXICAM | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX , ACUTE GOUT |
| KETOROLAC | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX , CONJUNCTIVITIS |
| DICLOFENAC | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX |
| NIMESULIDE | WEAK INHIB OF COX1 AND COX2 |
| ETODOLAC | PREFERENTIAL COX2 |
| ROFECOXIB | SELECTIVE COX2 |
| VAKDECOXIB | SELECTIVE COX2 |
| PARACETAMOL | COX3 OR REVERSIBLE OF COX1 |
| NEFOPAM | NO INHIBITION OF PGs |
| ASPIRIN | NON SLEECTIVE IRREVERSIBLE OF COX , DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS CLOSURE , PRE ECCLAMPSIA , COLON AND RECTAL CANCER , ALZHEIMERS , FAMILIAL COLONIC POLYPOSIS , SLOWDOWN CATARACT |
| SALICYLIC ACID | NON SELECTIVE IRREVERSIBLE COX INHIB , KERATOLYTIC |
| INDOMETHACIN | NON SELECTIVE REVERSIBLE COX INHIB |
| COLCHICINE | INHIBITS NEUTROPHIL MIGRATION INTO THE JOINTS ; ACUTE GOUT |
| PREDNISOLONE | SUPRESSES INFLAMMATION ; ACUTE GOUT |
| ALLOPURINOL | INHIBITS XANTHINE OXIDASE , SO URIC ACID ; CHRONIC GOUT |
| PROBENECID | PROMOTES EXCRETION OF URIC ACID ; CHRONIC GOUT |
| SULFINPYRAZONE | PREVENTS REABSORPTION OF URIC ACID |
| INFLIXIMAB | INHIBITS T CELL AND MACROPHAGE |
| LEFLUNOMIDE | INHIBITS T CELL AND ANTIBODY PRODUCTION ; IMMUNOMODULATOR |
| METHOTREXATE | FOLIC ACID ANTAG ; IMMUNOMODULATOR |
| CYCLOSPORINE | INHIBITS IL1 AND IL2 RECEPTORS ; INHIBITS T CELL INTERACTION AND RESPONSIVENESS |
| AZATHIOPRINE | PRO DRUG OF 6 MERCAPTOPURINE MAKES A NON FUNCTIONAL NA WHICH IS INCORPORATED INTO DNA AND IS NON FUNCTIONAL ; INHIBITS T CELLS ; USED IN GRAFT TRANSPLANT |
| AURANOFIN | ALTERS MORPHOLOGY OF MACROPHAES AND PREVENTS JOINT DESTRUCTION |
| HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE | SUPRESS T CELL FUNCTION ; RA |
| SULFASALAZINE | ORAL , NON ABSORBABLE .IT IS METABOLISED TO SULFAPYRIDINE AND 5 ASA ; SULFAPYRIDINE MIGRATES TO JOINTS AND USED , WHILE 5 ASA IS USED IN RA |
| CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE | CROSS LINKS DNA TO PREVENT CELL REPLICATION ; CANCER AND RA AS IMMUNOSUPRESSANT |
| SUCRALFATE | POLYMERISES BY CROSS LINKING OF MOLECULES TO FORM A GEL OVER THE ULCER |
| COLLOIDAL BISMUTH SUBCITRATE | IT CONVERTS INTO BISMUTH OXYCHLORIDE AND THEN CHELATES WITH GLYCOPROTEINS TO FORM A GEL OVER THE ULCER |
| PANTOPRAZOLE | BLOCKS H+/K+/ATPase AND PREVENTS FORMATION OF ACID |
| OMEPRAZOLE | BLOCKS H+/K+/ATPase AND PREVENTS FORMATION OF ACID |
| ESOMEPRAZOLE | BLOCKS H+/K+/ATPase AND PREVENTS FORMATION OF ACID |
| SODIUM ALGINATE | FORMS A GEL WITH THE ACID |
| SODIUM BICARBONATE | SYSTEMIC ANTACID , barb poisoning |
| ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE | NON SYSTEMIC BUFFER ANTACID |
| MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE | NON SYSTEMIC BUFFER ANTACID |
| CALCIUM CARBONATE | NON SYSTEMIC NON BUFFER ANTACID |
| MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE | NON SYSTEMIC NON BUFFER ANTACID |
| CARBENOXOLONE SODIUM | INCREASES PRODUCTION OF MUCUS |
| CLARITHROMYCIN | BLOCKS 50S RIBOSOMES ; ANTI HELICOBACTER |
| AMOXICILLIN | PENICILLIN GRP ; ANTI HELICOBACTER |
| METRONIDAZOLE | ANAEROBIC ; ANTI HELICOBACTER |
| CINNARIZINE | ANTI HISTAMINIC , CALCIUM BLOCKER ; MOTION SICKNESS |
| PROCHLORPERAZINE | 5HT3 ANTAG AND D2 BLOCKING ANTAGS ; CHEMO INDUCED VOMITING |
| METOCLOPRAMIDE | DOPAMINE BLOCKER ; CHEMO INDUCED VOMITING |
| DOMPERIDONE | D2 ANTAG ; CHEMO INDUCED VOMITING |
| DROPERIDOL | ANTI PSYCHOTIC |
| LOXIGLUMIDE | CCK1 ANTAG ; INCREASES GI MOTILITY |
| LOPERAMIDE | CODEINE ANALOGUE ; ANTI DIARRHOEALS |
| LACTULOSE | INCREASE THE OSMOLARITY OF THE LUMINAL CONTENTS THEREBY INCREASING THE STIMULATION OG THE GUT WALLS FOR PERISTALSIS |
| LIQUID PARAFFIN | Luminally active |
| Docusate | DECREASES SURFACE TENSION OF FLUIDSM |
| MAGNESIUM SULFATE | INCREASE OSMOLARITY AND HENCE THE BULK BY DRAWING WATER , PREVENTS CONVULSIONS AND REDUCES BP IN PRE ECCLAMPSIA AND ECCLAMPSIA PATIENTS |
| POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL | HIGHLY OSMOTIC , SO IT RETAINS WATER AND INCREASES THE BULK |
| ALOE | IRRITATE THE WALL AND STIMULATE PERISTALSIS |
| CASTOR OIL | IRRITATE THE WALL ANC STIMULATES PERISTALSIS |
| RACECADOTRIL | ENKEPHALINASE INHIBITOR WHICH INCREASES ENKEPHALINS AND IRRITATES THE WALL AND STIMULATES PERISTALSIS |
| OCTREOTIDE | REDUCES MOTILITY OF GI |
| CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID | REDUCES CH , HMGCOA REDUCTASE INHIB , INCREASES LITHOLYTIC |
| URSODIOL | INHIBITS ABSORPTION OF CHOLESTEROL , REDUCES CH , LOWERS SATURATION INDEX OF BILE , SO THAT IT ISN'T LITHOGENIC |
| HALOTHANE | INHALATIONAL ANAESTHETIC |
| PROPOFOL | INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHETIC |
| ETOMIDATE | INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHETIC |
| KETAMINE | DISSOCIATIVE ANAESTHETIC , calmness and psychic indifference without loss of consciousness and analgesia , non competitive blocker of nmda |
| METHOXYFLURANE | INHALATIONAL ANAESTHETIC |
| ISOFLURANE | INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHETIC |
| CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE | BENZODIAZEPINE , ANXIOLYTICS |
| ZOPICLONE | BZ1 RECEPTORS AND HAVE HYPNOTIC |
| ZOLPIDEM | BZ1 RECEPTOR |
| ZALEPLON | BZ1 receptor |
| FLUMAZENIL | BZD ANTAG |
| IPSASPIRONE | 5HT1 agonist |
| GESPIRONE | 5HT1 AGONIST |
| THIOPENTAL | ACTS ON CHANNEL MODULATORY SITE OF GABA , INCREASES DURATION OF CHLORIDE |
| METHOHECITAL | BARB , ultra short acting |
| PHENOBARBITAL | BARB , long acting |
| PENTOBARB | Short acting |
| DESIPRAMINE | BLOCKS EOINEPHRINE |
| NORTRYPTILLINE | CLOCKS EPINEPHRINE |
| PROTRIPTYLINE | BLOCKS EPINEPHRINE |
| SERTRALINE | INCREASE SEROTONIN IN SYNAPTIC CLEFT BY PREVENTING NEURONAL UPTAKE |
| FLUOXETINE | INCREASE SEROTONIN IN SYNAPTIC CLEFT BY PREVENTING NEURONAL UPTAKE |
| CITALOPRAM | INCREASE SEROTONIN IN SYNAPTIC CLEFT BY PREVENTING NEURONAL UPTAKE |
| FLUVOXAMINE | INCREASE SEROTONIN IN SYNAPTIC CLEFT BY PREVENTING NEURONAL UPTAKE |
| PAROXETINE | INCREASE SEROTONIN IN SYNAPTIC CLEFT BY PREVENTING NEURONAL UPTAKE |
| TRAZODONE | INHIBITS UPTAKE OF 5HT |
| MIANSERIN | BLOCKS ALPHA 2 |
| MIRTAZAPINE | 5 HT1 |
| SELEGILINE | INHIBIT MAO B |
| LITHIUM | INHIBITS IP2 TO IP1 AND IP1 TO IP |
| ETHANOL | CNS DEP , DEC OF MYOCARDIUM , CUTANEOUS VASODILATION , DIURESIS , RESP DEPRESSION , IRRITABILITY |
| MORPHINE | Increases pain threshold , euphoria , anaesthetic , cough suppressant , diarrhoea , |
| NALOXONE | ANTAG TO MORPHINE |
| PENTAZOCINE | WEAK ANTAG OF MU , AG OF KAPPA A ND WEAK AG OF DELTA |
| BUPRENORPHINE | PARTIAL AG OF MU , ANTAG OF KAPPA , |
| NALTREXONE | ANTAG OF MORPHEINE |
| CARBAMAZEPINE | BLOCKS Na CHANNELS , TRIGEMINAL ANALGESIA |
| ETHISUXIMIDE | BLOCKS Ca channels |
| VALPROIC ACID | BLOCKS NA , GLUTAMATE , INHIBITS GABA TRANSAMINASE , |
| Vigabatrin | IRREVERSIBLE INHIBITOR OF GABA TRANSAMINASE |
| TIAGABINE | INHIBIT GABA UPTAKE |
| TOPIRAMATE | BLOCKS NA CHANNELS , INCREASES GABA , INHIBITS GLUTAMATE |
| LAMOTRIGINE | DIRECTLY BLOCKS Na channel |
| FELBAMATE | BLOCKS NMDA |
| TOLCAPONE | COMT INHIB |
| ENTACAPONE | Comt INHIB |
| AMANTADINE | PREVENTS DOPAMINE UPTAKE AND FACILITATES PRESYNAPTIC RELEASE OF DA , BLOCKS NMDA , ANTI MUSCARINIC |
| SALBUTAMOL | BETA BLOCKER. , TOCOLYTIC |
| TERBUTALINE | BETA BLOCKER , TOCOLYTIC |
| NIFEDIPINE | PERIPHERAL VASODILATOR , TOCOLYTIC |
| METYRAPONE | 11 BETA HYDROXYLASE ENZYME INHIBITOR |
| AMINOGLUTETHAMIDE | BLOCKS CONVERSION OF CHOLESTEROL TO PREGNENOLONE |
| MITOTANE | |
| CLOMIPHENE | SSRM , INCREASES FSH AND LH |
| TAMOXIFEN | ANTAG OF ESTROGEN IN BREAST AND AG OF ESTROGEN IN UTERUS , BONE , PITUITARY , LIVER |
| DOLOXIFEN | ANTAG OF ESTROGEN IN BREAST , AG IN BONE , LIVER , PITUITARY |
| TOREMIFEN | ANTAG IN BREAST , AG IN BONE M LIVER , PITUITARY , UTERUS |
| FULVESTRANT | ANTAG IN BREAST , AG IN BONE , LIVER , PITUITARY AND UTERUS |
| RALOXIFENE | ANTIESTROGEN IN BREAST , ENDOMETRIUM , ESTROGEN IN BONE , COAGULATION OF BLOOD , LIPID META |
| CENTCHROMAN | SERM |
| MIFEPRISTONE | BLOCKS PROGESTERONE |
| GOSSYPOL | REDUCES SPERM COUNT AND MOTILITY |
| ANASTROZOLE | INHIBIT AROMATASE AND SO ESTROGEN |
| LETROZOLE | INHIBIT AROMATASE AND SO ESTROGEN |
| FADROZOLE | INHIBIT AROMATASE AND SO ESTROGEN |
| VOROZOLE | INHIBIT AROMATASE AND SO ESTROGEN |
| LEVOTHYROXINE | T4 |
| CARBIMAZOLE | INHIBITS THYROID PEROXIDASE , INCORPORATION OF IODINE INTO THE TYROSINE , AND INHIB OF COUPLING OF IODITYROSYL RESIDUES |
| METHIMAZOLE | INHIBITS THYROID PEROXIDASE , INCORPORATION OF IODINE INTO THE TYROSINE , AND INHIB OF COUPLING OF IODITYROSYL RESIDUES |
| LUGOLS IODINE | INCREASEDIODINE INHIBITS ITS OWN TRANSPORT AS WELL AS THE RELEASE OF THE HORMONE |
| PERCHLORATE | COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR OF THYROIDAL IODINE TRANSPORT VIA THE Na/I TRANSPORTER |
| THIOCYANATE | COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR OF THYROIDAL IODINE TRANSPORT VIA THE Na/I TRANSPORTER |
| INSULIN LISPRO | ULTRA SHORT ACTING |
| INSULIN ASPARTAME | ULTRA SHORT ACTING |
| INSULIN ZINC SUSPENSION /SEMILENTE | SHORT ACTING |
| ISOPHANE INSULIN /LENTE | INTERMEDIATE ACTING |
| INSULIN GLARGINE | LONG ACTING |
| UKTRALENTE | LONG ACTING |
| TOLBUTAMIDE | BLOCKS K CHANNELS AND INCREASES CALCIUM AND HENCE STIMULATES B CELLS TO SECRETE INSULIN ulfonylurea |
| CHLORPROPAMIDE | BLOCKS K CHANNELS AND INCREASES CALCIUM AND HENCE STIMULATES B CELLS TO SECRETE INSULIN sulfonylurea |
| REPAGLINIDE | BLOCKS K CHANNELS AND INCREASES CALCIUM AND HENCE STIMULATES B CELLS TO SECRETE INSULIN meglitinide analogues |
| NATEGLINIDE | BLOCKS K CHANNELS AND INCREASES CALCIUM AND HENCE STIMULATES B CELLS TO SECRETE INSULIN meglitinide |
| METFORMIN | iNCREASES UPTAKE AND UTIKISATION OF GLUCOSE AND PREVENTS GLUCONEOGENESIS AND GLYCIGEN AND INCREASES BINDUNG OF INSUKIN TO ITS RECEPTOR , SLOWS GLUCOSE ABSORPTION FROM THE STOMACH, biguanids |
| PHENFORMIN | iNCREASES UPTAKE AND UTIKISATION OF GLUCOSE AND PREVENTS GLUCONEOGENESIS AND GLYCIGEN AND INCREASES BINDUNG OF INSUKIN TO ITS RECEPTOR , SLOWS GLUCOSE ABSORPTION FROM THE STOMACH , biguanides |
| ACARBOSE | Inhibits alpha gkycosidase and thus absorption of glucose |
| MIGLITO | Inhibits alpha gkycosidase and thus absorption of glucose |
| ROSIGLITAZONE | AGONIST TO PPAR GAMMA WHICH BINDS WITH RETINOID X RECEPTOR WHICH INCREASES LIPOGENESIS AND PROMOTES UPTAKE OF FATTY ACIDSAND GLUCOSE |
| PIOGLITAZONE | AGONIST TO PPAR GAMMA WHICH BINDS WITH RETINOID X RECEPTOR WHICH INCREASES LIPOGENESIS AND PROMOTES UPTAKE OF FATTY ACIDSAND GLUCOSE |
| CODEINE | CENTRALLY ACTING ANTITUSSIVE |
| DEXTROMETHORPHAN | CENTRALLY ACTING ANTITUSSIVE |
| BENZONATATE | INHIBITS PERIPHERAL RECEPTORS AND CENTRAL COUGH CENTRE AFFERENTS |
| PRENOXDIAZINE | SUPRESSES PERIPHERAL RECEPTORS |
| AMMONIUM CHLORIDE | STIMULATES BRONCHIAL CELLZ TI SECRETE MUCUS AND CIKIA TO CLEAR IT mucokinetic |
| SODIUM CITRATE | STIMULATES BRONCHIAL CELLZ TI SECRETE MUCUS AND CIKIA TO CLEAR IT mucokinetic |
| ACETYL CYSTEINE | MUCOLYTIC DECREASES VISCOSITY OF MUCUS BY SPLITTING DISULFIDE BONDS OF MUCOPROTEIN |
| BROMHEXINE | DEPOLYMERISES MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF MUCUS |
| DORNASE ALFA | DNAase SPLITS DNA |
| SULFACYTINE | ORAL , SHORT ACTING SULFONAMIDE |
| SULFADIAZINE | ORAL , SHORT ACTING |
| SULFISOXOZOLE | ORAL , SHORT ACTING |
| SULFAMETHAZOLE | ORAL SHORT ACTING SULFONAMIDE |
| SULFAMETHAXOZOLE | ORAL INTERMEDIATE ACTING SULFONAMIDE |
| SULFADOXINE | ORAL LONG ACTING SULFONAMIDE |
| OLSALAZINE | ORAL NON ABSORBABLE SULFONAMIDE |
| SILVER SULFADIAZINE | TOPICAL SULFONAMIDE |
| SULFACETAMIDE | TOPICAL SULFONAMIDE |
| NORFLOXACIN | FIRST GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| CIPROFLOXACIN | FIRST GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| OFLOXACILIN | FIRST GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| PEFLOXACIN | FIRST GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| LOMEFLOXACIN | FIRST GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| LEVOFLOXACIN | SECOND GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| GATIFLOXACIN | THIRD GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| SPARFLOXACIN | THIRD GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| MOXIFLOXACIN | FOURTH GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| ALATROFLOXACIN | FOURTH GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| TROVAFLOXACIN | FOURTH GENERATION FLUOROQUINOLONES |
| PHENAZOPYRIDINE | URINARY ANALGESIC ; |
| NITROFURANTOIN | INHIBITS ACETYL COA WHICH BLOCKS CARB META AND SO THE BACTERIA ; URINARY ANTISEPTIC |
| NALIDIXIC ACID | NON FLUORINATED QUINOLONES ; URINARY ANTISEPTICS |
| PENICILLIN V | ORAL NATURAL PENICILLIN |
| PENICILLIN G | IM OR IV NATURAL PENICILLIN |
| PROCAINE PENICILLIN | IM DEPOT ; BETA LACTAMASE SENSITIVE |
| BENZATHINE PENCILLIN | IM DEPOT ; BETA LACTAMASE PENICILLIN |
| CLOXACILLIN | ORAL LACTAMASE RESISTANT PENICILLIN |
| DICLOXACILLLIN | ORAL LACTAMASE RESISTANT PENICILLIN |
| METHICILLIN | IM OR IV LACTAMASE RESISTANT PENICILLIN |
| CLAVULANIC ACID | BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR ; BIND IRREVERSIBLY TO THE CATALYTIC SITE OF LACTAMASE |
| SULBACTAM | BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR |
| TAZOBACTAM | BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR |
| CEFAZOLIN | FIRST GENERATION CEPALOSPORIN |
| CEFALOTHIN | FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN |
| CEFADROXIL | FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN |
| CEFARADINE | FIRST GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN |
| CEFUROXIME | SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ORAL |
| CEFOXITIN | SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN PARENTERAL |
| CEFACLOR | SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ORAL |
| CEFOTETAN | SECOND GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN PARENTERAL |
| CEFIXIME | THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ORAL |
| CEFTIZOXIME | THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN PARENTERAL |
| CEFTRIAXONE | THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN PARENTERAL |
| CEFDINIR | THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ORAL |
| CEFPODOXIME | THIRD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ORAL |
| CEFPEROME | FOURTH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN PARENTERAL |
| CEFIPIME | FOURTH GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN PARENTERAL |
| AZTREONAM | NEWER BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS |
| CARBAPENEM | NEWER BETA LACTAM |
| VANCOMYCIN | INHIBITS GRAM POSITIVE CELL WALL SYNTHESIS BY COMPLEXING D ALANYL D ALANINE PORTION OF TERMINAL END OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN |
| TEICOPLANIN | INHIBITS GRAM POSITIVE CELL WALL SYNTHESIS BY COMPLEXING WITH D ALANYL D ALANINE PORTION OF THE TERMINAL END OF THE PEPTIDOGLYCAN |
| BACITRACIN | BLOCKS THE FUNCTION OF LIPID CARRIER MOLECULES WHICH TRANSFERS CELL WALL SUBUNITS ACROSS CELL MEMBRANE |
| FOSFOMYCIN | INHIBITS BACTERIAL CELL WALL SYNTHESIS BY INACTIVATING PYRUVYL TRANSFERASE WHICH IS CRUCIAL FOR THE FORMATION OF UDP N ACETYL MURAMIC ACID WHICH IS FOUND IN THE CELL WALL |
| STREPTOMYCIN | AMINOGLYCOSIDE |
| GENTAMYCIN | AMINOGLYCOSIDE |
| KANAMYCIN | AMINOGLYCOSIDE |
| AMIKACIN | AMINOGLYCOSIDE |
| NEOMYCIN | AMINOGLYCOSIDE , TOPICAL |
| SOFRAMYCIN | AMINOGLYCOSIDE TOPICAL |
| PAROMOMYCIN | AMINOGLYCOSIDE , TOPICAL |
| ERYTHROMYCIN | MACROLIDE |
| ROXITHROMYCIN | MACROLIDE |
| CLARITHROMYCIN | MACROLIDE |
| AZITHROMYCIN | MACROLIDE |
| SPIRAMYCIN | MACROLIDE |
| CLINDAMYCIN | LINCOSAMIDE |
| TELITHROMYCIN | KETOLIDE |
| LINEZOLID | OXAZOLIDINONE |
| PRISTINNAMYCIN | COMBI OF STREPTOGRAMIN B AND STREPTOGRAMIN A IN A 30 : 70 RATIO ; BINDS TO 50S ( STREPTOGRAMINS) |
| POLYMYXIN B | DISRUPTS THE BACTERIAL CELL MEMBRANE OSMOTIC INTEGRITY BY DISPLACING CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM FROM MEMBRANE LIPID PHOSPHATES |
| MUPIROCIN | INHIBITS BACTERIAL RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS BY BINDING TO ISOLEUCYL T RNA SYNTHETASE |
| FUSIDIC ACID | INHIBITS PROTEIN ELONGATION |
| TETRACYCLINE | |
| CHLORAMPHENICOL | |
| DOXYCYCLINE | TETRACYCLINE |
| DEMECLOCYCLINE | TETRACYCLINE |
| MINOCYCLINE | TETRACYCLINE |
| ISONIAZID | INHIBITS SYNTHESIS OF MYCOLIC ACID WHICH IS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF MYCOBACTERIAL CELL WALL |
| RIFAMPICIN | BINDS STRONGLY TO THE BETA SUBUNIT OF BACTERIAL DNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE , SO INHIBITS RNA SYNTHESIS |
| ETHAMBUTOL | INHIBITS ARABINOSYL TRANSFERASE ENZYME TO PREVENT POLYMERISATION OF ARABINOGLYCANS IN MYCOBACTERIAL CELL WALL |
| PYRAZINAMIDE | IT ENTERS THE MYCOBACTERIUM AND GETS CONVERTED TO PYRAZINOIC ACID BY BACTERIAL PYRAZINAMIDASE WHICH INHIBITS MYCOBACTERIAL FATTY ACID SYNTHASE I AND DISRUPTS MYCOLIC ACID FORMATION |
| DAPSONE | INHIBITION OF BACTERIAL FOLIC ACID SYNTHESIS |
| CLOFAZIMINE | BINDS TO THE MYCOBACTERIAL DNA , INTERFERES WITH ITS TEMPLATE FUNCTION AND INHIBITS MYCOBACTERIAL GROWTH |
| ACLOMETASONE | TOPICAL GLUCOCORTICOID |
| AMCINONIDE | TOPICAL GLUCOCORTICOID |
| BELCOMETHASONE | TOPICAL/INHALATIONAL GLUCOCORTICOID |
| BUDESOINDE | INHALATIONAL GLUCOCORTICOID |
| FLUCINOLONE | TOPICAL GLUCOCORTICOID |
| FLUTICASONE | TOPICAL GLUCOCORTICOID |
| MEDRYSONE | OPTHALMIC GLUCOCORTICOID |
| LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM | INCREASES T4 TO T3 AND REDUCES TSH STIMULATION BY NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AND THUS CAN BE USED IN NON ENDEMIC GOITRE ; ALSO USED IN REFRACTORY ANAEMIAS , NON HEALING WOUNDS , CHRONIC CONSTIPATION , MENSTRUAL DISORDERS AND INFERTILITY |
| LIOTHYRONINE | NOT USED AS MUCH ; MYXOEDEMA COMA , SHORT TERM SUPRESSION OF TSH IN THYROIDECTOMY , |
| PROPYLTHIOURACIL | INHIBIT PEROXIDASE , COUPLING , INCORPORATION OF IODINE INTO TYROSYL RESIDUES , AND PERIPHEARL CONVERSION OG T4 TO T3 |
| CARNBIMAZOLE | INHIBIT PEROXIDASE , COUPLING , INCORPORATION OF IODINE INTO TYROSYL RESIDUES , AND PERIPHEARL CONVERSION OG T4 TO T3 |
| METHCARBIMAZOLE | INHIBIT PEROXIDASE , COUPLING , INCORPORATION OF IODINE INTO TYROSYL RESIDUES , AND PERIPHEARL CONVERSION OG T4 TO T3 |
| RADIOACTIVE IODINE | EVALUATING THYROID FUNCTIONS , NON SURGICAL THYROID ABLATION , BETA PARTICLES DESTROY PARENCHYMA |
| LUOGOLS IODINE | LIMITS ITS OWN TRANSPORT , THYROID HORMONE RELEASE , ; PREPARE PATIENT FOR THYROIDECTOMY , BY MAKING IT LESS VASCULAR AND MORE COMPACT ; TREAT SEVERE THYROTOXICOSIS |
| PERCHLORATE ION | COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR OF THYROIDAL IODIDE TRANSPORT VIA NA , I TRANSPORTER . RARELY USED CUZ IT CAUSES FATAL APLASTIC ANAEMIA AND GASTRIC ULCERS |
| THIOCYANATE | COMPETITIVE WITH THE IODIDE TRANSPORTER |
| ORAL IPODATE | HYPERTHYROID , INHIBIT 5 DEIODINASE AND PREVENT CONVERSION OF T4 TO T3 |
| CASPOFUNGIN | INHIBITS CELL WALL SYNTHESIS |
| AMPHOTERICIN B | MACROLIDE , BINDS TO ERGOSTEROL , HENCE FORMING PORES CAUSE LEAKING OF IONS AND FURTHER LYSIS |
| NYSTATIN | BINDS TO ERGOSTEROL AND HENCE FORMS PORES CAUSING LEAKING OF IONS AND FURTHER LYSIS |
| TERBINAFINE | INHIBITS LANOSTEROL TO ERGOSTEROL BY SQUALENE EPOXIDASE , RESULTING IN ACC OF SQUALENE CAUSING LYSIS |
| NAFTIFINE | INHIBITS LANOSTEROL TO ERGOSTEROL CAUSING LYSIS |
| BUTENAFINE | INHIBITS LANOSTEROL TO ERGOSTEROL CAUSING LYSIS |
| MICONAZOLE | BINDS TO FUNGAL CYTOCHROME P 450 WHICH PREVENTS THE CONVERSION OF LANOSTEROL TO ERGOSTEROL BY 14 ALPHA DEMETHYLASE |
| KETOCONAZOLE | BINDS TO FUNGAL CYTOCHROME P 450 WHICH PREVENTS THE CONVERSION OF LANOSTEROL TO ERGOSTEROL BY 14 ALPHA DEMETHYLASE |
| FLUCONAZOLE | BINDS TO FUNGAL CYTOCHROME P 450 WHICH PREVENTS THE CONVERSION OF LANOSTEROL TO ERGOSTEROL BY 14 ALPHA DEMETHYLASE |
| ITRACONAZOLE | BINDS TO FUNGAL CYTOCHROME P 450 WHICH PREVENTS THE CONVERSION OF LANOSTEROL TO ERGOSTEROL BY 14 ALPHA DEMETHYLASE |
| VORICONAZOLE | BINDS TO FUNGAL CYTOCHROME P 450 WHICH PREVENTS THE CONVERSION OF LANOSTEROL TO ERGOSTEROL BY 14 ALPHA DEMETHYLASE |
| GRISEOFULVIN | INTERACTS WITH POLYMERISED MICROTUBULES CAUSING DISRUPTION |
| TERBINAFINE |
Created by:
manjari
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