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Bony Thorax
Torso
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the Bony Thorax? | supports the walls of the plural cavity and diaphragm used in resp. and protects the heart and lungs |
| What bones are in the Bony thorax? | 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae and the sternum |
| what part of the bony thorax is most narrow? | the superior part |
| Where does the sternum support the clavicles? | The superior manubrial angles |
| what is the widest part of the sternum and what shape is it? | manubrium and quadrilateral |
| which way do the sides of the manubrium slant at the jugular notch? | laterally and posteriorly at the |
| what oval facet of the manubrium articulates the clavicle? | clavicular notch |
| what articulates at the sternal angle? | second rib |
| what kind of angle is the sternal angle? | obtuse |
| what level is the sternal angle at? | t-4/t-5 |
| What can the xiphoid process help locate? | T10-11, superior portion of the liver and inferior border of the heart |
| what is another name for costal cartilage? | hyaline cartlige |
| Where does the costal cartliage for the 8th-10th ribs connect? | the cartilage of the 7th rib |
| How far below the vertebral anterior ends of the ribs lie compared to the vertebral ends? | 3-5 inches |
| The obliquity of the ribs increases from what rib to what rib? | 1-9 |
| The obliquity of the ribs decreases from what rib to what rib? | 10-12 |
| What is a cervical rib/lumbar rib? | rib that articulates with C7, rib that articulates with L1 |
| Which rib is the shortest and broadest? | 1 |
| which rib is the narrowest? | 12 |
| which rib is typically the longest? | 7 |
| What articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae? | Tubercle facet |
| what are the ends of the ribs called? | vertebral end, sternal end |
| the rib arches what ways to the oblique plane? | anteriorly, medially and inferiorly |
| where is the costal groove found and what does it contain? | inferior and internal border of each rib and it holds costal arteries, veins and nerves |
| What is the only point of articulation between the upper extremities and the trunk? | sternoclavicular joint |
| what kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint? | synovial gliding |
| what joints are synchondroses (immovable) joints? | xiphisternal, 1st - 10th costochondral |
| Which ribs only articulate with the vertebral body? | 1st, 10th, 11th, and 12th |
| what ribs only allow superior and inferior movement and which allow more movement? | the first 6 pair, the next 4 provide more movement |
| Costochondral articulations are what kind of joint and what type of movement? | they are cartilaginous and allow no movement |
| Costochondral articulations are what? | they are the joint between the bone of the rib and the cartilaginous |
| What kind of joint is the first costosternal joint? | cartilaginous synchonrosis and immovable |
| what are interchondral joints? | they are between the costalcarilages of the 6th & 7th, 7 &8, 8&9th ribs, synovial gliuding |
| What type of joints are the interchonral joints of the 9th and 10th ribs? | fibrous syndesmosis and only slightly movable |
| What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint? | cartilaginous symphysis joint, little or no movement |
| xiphosternal joint is what kind of joint? | cartilaginous synchondrosis little to no movement |
| how is the obliquity of the ribs affected by inspiration and expiration? | it decreases on deep insp. and increased on deep exp. |
| how do you remove the scapula from the lung field on a CXR? | rotate the shoulders forward |
| When doing an xray of the lower ribs, what position should the patient be? | recumbent |
| how many inches does the diaphragm move from deep insp. to deep exp.? | about 1.5 inches |
| what should be the initial exam/s of a pt who has severe trauma to the ribs? | AP and LAT chest in recumbent position to show fluid/Air levels |
| what is osteomylitis? | inflammation of the bone owing to a pyogenic infection |
| when is a grid required in a CXR? | when KVP is above 100 |
| To visualize the sternum free of the vertebrae what do you have to do? | rotate the pt from the prone position or angle the CR medially |
| deep chests require more or less angulation to visualize the sternum? | less |
| how do you reduce abnormal lung markings over the sternum? | you use a breathing technique of shallow breathing and a longer exposure time |
| where does the CR enter for an RAO sternum?> | level of T7 1 inch lateral of midsaggital palne Merrill's recommends 30'' SID` |
| Where does the CR enter for a PA SC joint Xray? | T3 with a 6x8 collimation |
| what is the angle for Oblique SC joints and where is the CR? | 15-20 T2-T3 |
| What position are the axillary ribs shown? | oblique |
| what projection clears the heart when shooting L ribs? | LAO or RPO |
| what percent of people are sthenic ? | 50% |
| what type of build is hyposthenic and what percentage of people are they? | slender normal and 35% |
| what type of build is hypersthenic and what percentage of people are they? | stocky - 5% |
| what type of build is asthenic and what percentage of people are they? | very slender 10% |
Created by:
christina325
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