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Pharmacology
Module 2 Neurotransmitters Slide 1-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Special cell of the nervous system | Neuron (M2/3) |
| Transmit impulses from body of cell through axon to dendrite for the synapse | Neurons (M2/3) |
| May be covered with myelin sheath (enhances conduction) | Axon (M2/3) |
| What kind of cell forms myelin sheath around single axon in pheripheral nervous system? | Schwann cell (M2/3) |
| What is an un-myelinated portion of the axon between nodes? | Node of Ranvier (M2/3) |
| Myelin sheath _________ conduction velocity by causing depolarization across one or more nodes. | increases (M2/3) |
| What separates each nerve cell by space? | synapse (M2/3) |
| What are chemicals called which transmit signal from one neuron to the next? | Neurotransmitters (M2/3) |
| Synthesized in cell body or nerve terminal of presynaptic neuron. | Neurotransmitters (M2/4) |
| Released from synapse and crosses synaptic cleft. Dendrite on nerve cell body receives signal. | Neurotransmitters (M2/4) |
| Do all receptors on post-synaptic membrane of dendrite accept neurotransmitters? | no, Different receptors but only certain ones (M2/4) |
| Which five diseases are helped with pharmacotherapeutic agents which can modify levels of neurotransmitters? | 1)Depression 2)Neurologic diseases 3)Dementia 4)Parkinson's 5)Seizures (M2/5) |
| Brain Chemicals that assist us in communicating information and relays signals between neurons (nerve cells) | Neurotransmitters (M2/6) |
| What can be inhibitory or excitatory? | Neurotransmitters (M2/6) |
| Affects most body processes such as heart beat, respiration, digestion, concentration, weight, etc. | Neurotransmitters (M2/6) |
| Estimated _______ Americans have suboptimal levels of neurotransmitters due to poor _____, stress, ______ ______,________, medications, _______, and caffeine use,_________etc. | 86%, diet,sleep deprivation,genetics, alcohol, neurotoxins (M2/6) |
| These calm the brain, create balance, balance mood, and can be depleted with too much excitatory neurotransmitters. | INHIBITORY neurotransmitters (M2/8) |
| What are the 4 types of inhibitory neurotransmitters? | 1)GABA 2)Glycine 3)Dopamine 4)Serotonin GGDS (M2/8) |
| What inhibitory neurotransmitter need enough to produce a stable mood and balance excessive excitatory (stimulating) neurotransmitter firing in the brain? | SEROTONIN (M2/9) |
| Regulates sleep cycle, carb carvings, pain control an digestion. | Serotonin, inhibitory Neurotransmitter (M2/9) |
| Use of stimulants (caffeine/other meds) can lead to depletion and low levels are associated with decreased immunity for this neurotransmitter. | Serotonin inhibitory neurotransmitter (M2/9) |
| Nature's Valium | GABA (M2/9) |
| What neurotransmitter becomes depleted when an excitatory neurotransmitter is firing too often in the brain? | GABA, inhibitory neurotransmitter (M2/9) |
| GABA is sent out to try to balance out the over-firing stimulation. True or False? | True (M2/9) |
| Which inhibitory neurotransmitter can be both inhibitory and excitatory? | Dopamine (M2/9) |
| Which inhibitory neurotransmitter helps with depression and focus? | Dopamine (M2/9) |
| What are the three excitatory neurotransmitters? | 1)Norepinephrine 2)Epinephrine 3)Dopamine NED (M2/10) |
| __________ controls movement, primitive functions such as certain emotions and visceral functions. | Dopamine (M2/11) |
| __________ primarily responsible for focus. | Dopamine, so if low - forget, don't remember, can't stay on task (M2/11) |
| ____________ responsible for motivation. | Dopamine excitatory neurotransmitter (M2/11) |
| So medications for ______/______ as well as _____ cause dopamine to be pushed into synapse which results in improved focus. | ADD/ADHD, caffeine (M2/11) |
| If we constantly stimulate dopamine it can get _________. | depleted (M2/11) |
| ___________ helps to make epinephrine. | Norepinephrine (M2/11) |
| Norepinehrine affects memory, information processing, emotions, psychomotor function, energy, movement, BP, HR, ____ _____, and _____. | bladder emptying, attention (M2/11) |
| Norepineprine can cause __________ when high and mood dampening effect. | anxiety (M2/11) |
| Low levels results in decreased energy, focus, and ____ _____ ______ etc. | sleep cycle issues (M2/11) |
| What excitatory neurotransmitter regulates heart rate and blood pressure and attention - is reflective of stress? | Epinephrine (M2/11) |
| Epinephrine is ________ when ADHD is present. | elevated (M2/11) |
| Long term stress or insomnia can deplete this excitatory neurotransmitter. | Epinephrine (M2/11) |
| The ______ _______ _______ controls involuntary smooth muscle and gland activity. | Autonomic Nervous system (M2/12) |
| The ANS has two agonist systems called ________ and ________. | sympathetic, parasympathetic (M2/12) |
| Which ANS is fight or flight and prepares to expend energy? | Sympathetic (M2/12) |
| Neurotransmitter ____________ (adrenaline) is related at postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic ANS. | norepinephine (M2/12) |
| What are the two types of adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic ANS? | Alpha and beta (M2/12) |
| Which ANS prepares body for energy conversation and primary neurotransmitter is ACETYLCHOLINE? | Parasympathetic (M2/12) |
| What type of medications block action of acetylcholine and interfere with parasympathetic nervous system? | Anticholinergic (M2/12) |
| _____________ functions include voluntary movement, autonomic system regulation of target organs, eye, heart, GI tract, salivary glands, sweat glands, and __________. | Acetylcholine, memory (M2/13) |
| Which receptors are acted on by acetylcholine? | Nicotinic receptors in the peripheral nervous system and Muscarinic in the brain as well as autonomic target organs. (M2/13) |
Created by:
mareed3
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