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Vertebral Column
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another name for the adams apple? | Thyroid Cartilage |
| How many bones in an adult vertebral column? Child? | 26, 33 |
| Looking at a patient in the PA position, what curves are concave and which are convex? | Convex- thoracic, Sacral. Concave- Cervical, Lumbar |
| what part of the vertebrae extends posteriorly and forms the arch? | pedicle |
| How many articular processes are there on a vertebrae? | 4, 2 superior, 2 inferior |
| What are the 3 typical joints of the vertebrae? | Intervertebral, Z-joint, Costal |
| What joint comes from the 4 articular processes which project from the junction of the pedicle and the laminae? | Zygapophyseal joint or "z-joint" |
| where are the costal joints found? | on the Thoracic vertebrae |
| What is formed by the superior and inferior notches of the vertebrae pedicles when joined in the spinal column? | intervertebral foramen |
| What provides passage way for the spinal nerves and vessels? | intervertebral foramen |
| What are the 2 parts of the intervertebral disk? | Annulus fibrous - outer, Nucleus pulpous - inner |
| What are the 3 unique characteristics of a cervical vertebrae? | Transverse foramen, bifid spinous process, overlapping vertebral bodies |
| What projection shows Z-joints the best? | Lateral projections |
| What projection shows intervertebral foramen the best? | Oblique |
| what are the functions of the vertebral column? | provides support for the trunk, protects the spinal cord, supports the skull, and provides attachment for the deep muscles of the back and for the ribs laterally. |
| what indirectly supports the upper limbs? | the ribs, via the sternum |
| which articulation supports the trunk and distributes weight? | Sacroiliac join (SI) |
| what is the function of a vertebral disk? | act as a cushion |
| what kind of bone is a vertebrae? | irregular bone |
| How many true vertebrae are there?? Which ones are they? | 24, C/s T/s L/s |
| what are "false" vertebrae? | Sacrum & Coccyx |
| The C and L spine are convex anteriorly, that is know as what kind of curve? | Lordotic Curves |
| The T and Pelvic spine are concave anteriorly, that is know as what kind of curve? | Kyphotic Curve |
| the lumbosacral angle form what kind of angle? | obtuse angle |
| What are the primary curves? | Thoracic and pelvic curves |
| what are the compensatory curves? | Cervical and Lumbar |
| At what age does a child develop the curve of the C spine? | 3-4 months or when child starts to hold their head up |
| At what age does a child develop the curve of the L spine? | when they begin to walk 1-1 1/2 |
| what sex are the lumbar and pelvic curves more pronounced in? | Females the LS joint is a more acute angle |
| what is the least prominent curve of the spine? | C-Spine |
| What condition causes the vertebrae to rotate toward the concavity? | Scoliosis |
| what are the two main parts of the vertebrae? | body and vertebral arch |
| What forms the vertebral canal? | vertebral foramina |
| Describe the vertebral body from the lateral and superior aspects. | The lateral it is concave, superior is the posterior aspect is flattened |
| what covers the superior and inferior surface of the body of the vertebrae? | articular cartilage |
| what length do the vertebral disks make up of your spine? | 1/4th of it |
| What happens when you "slip a disk"? | Your nucleus pulposus ruptures and bulges into the spinal canal pressing on the spinal nerve. HNP "herniated nucleus puplosus |
| what area does HNP most often happen? | L spine but can also happen in the C-spine due to trauma |
| what is the first posterior part of the vertebrae? | Pedicles |
| what creates intervertebral foramina? | Intervertebral notches |
| what travels through the intervertebral foramina? | Spinal nerves and blood vessles |
| What projects laterally and slightly posterior from the lamina and the pedicles? | Transverse process |
| what projects from the posterior midline of the vertebrae? | spinous process |
| what congenital defect is it when the laminae fail to unite posterior at the midline? | Spinal bifida |
| what covers the superior and inferior articular processes? | fibrocartlige called facets |
| what is another name for Z joints? | interarticulate facet joints |
| what structures make up the Atlas vertebrae? | anterior, posterior arch, 2 lateral masses and 2 transverse processes |
| Which c-spine has the longest transverse processes? | Atlas/C1 |
| where is the Axis received in the atlas? | anterior portion of the atlantal ring |
| what projection will show you the Z joints of c1 and c2? | AP projection |
| where are the transverse foramina found and what do they transmit? | In the C-spine and they transmit vertebral artery and vein. |
| how many foramina do the cervical vertebrae have? | 3 total, two transverse and one vertebral |
| what is located posterior to the transverse processes at the point where the pedicles and the lamina unite? (2 things, c-spine) | superior and inferior processes |
| At what degree do the Z joints of the C-spine lie and what projection best visualizes them? | 90* and a Lateral |
| At what degree do the intervertebral foramina of the C-spine lie and what projection best visualizes them? | 45* and 15 degrees inferior. An oblique projection w/ 45* medial rotation with a 15* cephalad angle |
| what are the typical t-spine bodies? (numbers) | T3-T9 |
| costal facets are located where? | T1-T12 |
| where an how many demifacets do each T-spine vertebrae have? | T1- 1 inferior order for articulation with head of 2nd rib, T2-T8 have one inferiorly and one superiorly. T9- one superior, T10-12 have single whole facet at superior margin |
| Which transverse processes of the T-spine do not project laterally, obliquely and posteriorly? | T11 & T12 |
| the palpable tip of the spinous process of the T-spine corresponds to what? | The interspace below the vertebra from which it projects |
| To visualize the Z joints of the T-spine how must the pt be rotated? | 15-20 from lateral position or 70-75* from midsagittal plane |
| At what degree do the Intervertebral foramina of the T-spine lie and what projection best visualizes them? | 90* true lateral |
| The anteriolateral surface of what vertebrae is concave from top to bottom? | Lumbar body |
| True of False, The T-spine has bigger transverse processes than the L-spine? | Ture |
| Which pair of L spine transverse process are almost exactly lateral? | L1-L3 |
| where is the mammillary process located? | Superior to each articular process on the L spine |
| which L/s is wedge shaped? | L5 |
| What is the part of the L-spine lamina that is between the superior and inferior articular processes? | Par interarticularis |
| To visualize the Z joints of the L-spine how must the pt be rotated? And what is the tube angle? | 30-60* oblique, 15* cephalad. L1-L2 = 30* L2-L3=45* L4-L5=60* |
| At what degree do the Intervertebral foramina of the L-spine lie and what projection best visualizes them? | L1-L4 = 90* true lateral, L5= 15* rotation |
| What is spondylolisthesis? | Slippage of usually the Lumbar vertebrae pars interarticularis, where one vertebrae overlaps another one. |
| What projection do you do to see if there is spondylolisthesis? | Scottie dog, "oblique projection to show the neck" |
| In the female sacrum where is most of the curvature? | the bottom half. |
| where is the sacral promitory? | the superior anterior margin of the base of the sacrum |
| how many pairs of sacral foramina are there and what do they have flowing through them? | 4 sacral blood vessles and nerves. |
| what is the large wing like mass of the sacrum called? | ala |
| where is the sacral cornu located? | the apex of the sacrum posteriorly |
| what are and what type of joints are intervertebral joints? | Joints between the two vertebral bodies and are cartilaginous sympathies joints which are only slightly movable |
| what are and what type of joints are Z joints? | They are jounts between the articulation processes of the vertebral arches and are synovial gliding joint which are freely movable |
| What type of articulation is between the atlas and occipital bone? | synovial ellipsoidal called the atlantooccipital articulation |
| What type of articulation is between the atlas and dens? | it is an atlantoaxial joint which is a synovial gliding articulation and a synovial piviot articulation as well. |
| What type of articulation are costovertebral joints? | synovial gliding |
| What is a jefferson's Fx? | comminuted Fx if the ring of C1 |
| What is a hangman's Fx? | Fx od the anterior arch of C2, owing to hyper extension |
| What is a clay shoveler's Fx? | Avusion Fx of the spinous process in the lower cervical and upper thoracic region |
| What is a Ankylosing spondylitis? | Rheumatoid arthritis variant involving the sacroiliac joints and spine |
| what is osteopetrosis? | increase density of atypically soft bone |
| what is pagent's disease? | Thick, soft bone marked by bowing and Fx's |
| what is spondylolisthesis? | anterior displacement of one vertebrae on another |
| What is spondylosis? | breaking down of a the vertebrae and fixation or fusion of a verebrae |
| where does the CR enter the patient on a PA oblique projections of the Sacroiliac joint? | 1 inch medial to ASIS closer to the IR |
| where does the CR enter the patient on a AP oblique projections of the Sacroiliac joint? | 1 inch medial to elevated ASIS |
| What does the neck of the "scottie dog" represent? | pars interarticularis |
| what projection of the C spine should precede Flex/Ext position? | Lateral C spine |
| What does the Ear of the Scottie dog represent? | superior articular process |
| What does the LEG of the Scottie dog represent? | inferior articular process |
| what is the grandy method? | It's another name for Lateral C-spine |
| What does the eye of the scottie dog represent? | pedicle |
| what level of the spine is the inferior rib margin? | L2 |
Created by:
christina325
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