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History: Distant European Outposts
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| History: Distant European Outposts | The original inhabitants Australia Aboriginal people migrated to Australia from Asia 40,000 years ago, made 500 groups, speaking 200 languages Complex religious belief and social structures but simple economy based on hunting and gathering New Zealand |
| Early Explorers | Captain James Cook of Britain was the first to explore New Zealand in 1769 and Australia in 1770 |
| European Settlement | Australia 1788 Britain colonized Australia Place for prisoners Pacific navel bases In Australia, Europeans had violent conflicts with native people and killed many and gave them deadly diseases New Zealand Colonized by hunter and whalers from Europ |
| Modern Nations | Both Australia and New Zealand are both independent but remain part of the British Commonwealth New Zealand became the first country to grant women the right to vote in 1893. |
| Antarctica | Antarctica is unsettled 12 countries drafted treaty preserving continent for research In 2000, 18 countries have sent scientists there for research |
| Economy: Meat, Wool and Butter | Agriculture Major exporter of farm products Butter, cheese, meat, and wool Ranching is big in New Zealand Sheep ranching in Australia |
| Mining and Manufacturing | Mining Australia- diamonds, lead, zinc, and opals, bauxite, coal, copper, gold and iron ore Mining in Australia is tough because most of the minerals are in the outback Manufacturing and Service Major industry in Australia and New Zealand is processin |
| Economic Future | Nations want to diversify economy and not rely on Agriculture Hard to develop industry with nearby Asia with cheap labor costs |
| Distinctive Culture | Australia’s Culture Most Australians are of British descent but Australia has high rates of immigration 20% of Australians come from Greece, Italy and Southeast Asia Christianity is main religion English is main language Drink tea and play rugby 1% |
| New Zealand’s Culture | The majority of New Zealanders are of European, mostly British, descent. 15 % of New Zealand’s people are Maori English and Maori are official languages Christianity is main religion |
| Modern Life | City and Country In both countries about 85 % of people live in cities or towns Both countries are modern with good roads, sanitation, and infrastructure In Australia, many wealthy ranchers own private airplanes to keep them cross country Recreation |
| Aboriginal Land Claims | In 1976, the Australian government denied claims of Aboriginal people for their land back In protest Aboriginal people erected a tent on the lawn of Old Parliament House in the Australian capital to symbolize how they were foreigners in their own land |
| Aboriginal People Lose Land | Aboriginal people were hunters and gatherers so they depended on nature completely British policy Since they didn’t farm, mine, or build on land, the British felt they had no claims to the land. British called it Terra Nullius – Latin for empty land S |
| Stolen Land and Stolen Children | Stolen Land Europeans began to settle Australia in 1788 and chose most fertile land Aboriginal people fought back but were defeated Some Aboriginal people got put on reservations Some blended into European ways of life Stolen Children Between 1909 a |
| Land Claims | Aboriginal people were not recognized as full citizens until 1967 Land Rights Act of 1976 Gave Aboriginal people the right to claim land in taken away from them in the Northern Territory The Mabo Case In 1992 the courts ruled that Aboriginal people ha |
| Industrial Sparks Change | For many people struggling to escape poverty, any job, even one with long hours, low pay, and abuse is better than none Moving to find Jobs Across southeast Asia, people are moving from farms to cities to work in factories They may work 16 hours a day, |
| Push Factors | Push Factors in East Asia Lost resources soil erosion Deforestation water overuse Scarcity of land 60% of rural families don’t have enough land to earn a living by farming Population growth as population grows , land shortage became worse |
| Pull Factors | Pull Factors in East Asia Industry find a job in a factory Education Government services Impact on cities Low availability of housing More pollution, traffic has increased Disposal of human waste is a problem no sewage treatment facilities |
| Other Results of Industrialization | Economic Effects Rapid industrial growth since the 1960s Increase in trade and exports Higher income for some citizens, income gap is expanding Social unrest and crime Environmental Effects Factories can pollute the air by burning fossil fuels, car |
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r1005020