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PT EVAL 2
PT EVAL Review 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Peripheral Edema Assesment by Inspection Define | Prsence of Excessive Fluid in the tissue Known as Pitting Edema Occurs Primarily in Arms and Ankles |
| Peripheral Edema Pathology Define | Caused by Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) and Renal Failure |
| Ascities Assesment by Inspection Define | Accumulation of Fluid in the Abdomen |
| Ascities Pathology Define | Generally Caused by liver Failure |
| Clubbing Assesment by Inspection Define | The condition is present when angle of the nail bed and skin increases |
| Clubbing Pathology Define | Caused by Chronic Hypoxemia. Presence of this is suggestive of Pulmonary disease |
| Venous Distention by Inspection Define | increased venous distention |
| Venous Distention Pathology Define | Occurs with Congestive Heart Failure Seen with PT with Obstructive Lung Disease. Seen during exhalation because of the obstructive component |
| Capillary Refill by Inspection Define | Indication of peripheral circulation |
| Capillary Refill Pathology Define | Blanching the hand and watch the blood return Commonly done for the Modified Allen's Test before drawing arterial blood gases. |
| Diaphoresis by Inspection Define | A state of Profuse/heavy sweating |
| Diaphoresis Pathology Define | Heart failure, Fever, Infection Anxiety, Nervousness Tuberclosis (night sweats) |
| Ashen/pallor Skin color Define | Abnormal Decrease in Color |
| Ashen/Pallor Skin Color Indicate | Due to anemia or acute Blood loss |
| Erythema Skin Color Define | redness of skin |
| Erythema Skin Color Indicates | May be due to capillary congestion, Inflammation or Infection |
| Cyanosis Skin Color Define | Blue or Blue-Gray (Dusky) Discoloration of Skin and Mucous Membranes. |
| Cyanosis Skin Color Indicates | Caused by hypoxia from increased amount of reduced hemoglobin (5g of reduced hemoglobin) |
| Jaundice Skin Color Define | Increase in Bilirubin in Blood and Tissue |
| Jaundice Skin Color Indicates | This appears mostly in face and trunk |
| Kyphosis Chest Configuration Define | Convex Curvature of the Spine (lean Forward) |
| Scoliosis Chest Configuration Define | Lateral Curvature of the spine (Lean side to side) |
| Barrel Chest Configuration Define | A result of air trapping in the lungs for a long period of time Generally due to chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Increase A-P Diameter |
| Describe Symmetrical Chest Movement | Occurs when both sides of the chest moves at the same time |
| List five underlying Pathologies that can contribute to a PT displaying Asymmetrical (unequal)movement | Chronic Lung Disease, Atelectasis Pneumothorax, Flail Chest- Paradoxical Intubated patient with endotracheal tube in one lung |
| Eupnea Breathing Patterns and Conditions Associated with it | Normal Respiratory Rate , Depth and Rhythm Normal Respiratory rate for an adult is 12-20 breaths/min |
| Tachypnea Breathing Patterns and Conditions Associated with it | Increased Respiratory Rate (over 20 breaths per minute) Causes: Hypoxia, Fever, Pain, CNS problem |
| Apnea Breathing Patterns and Conditions Associated with it | Cessation of breathing |
| Patterns and Conditions Associated with it | |
| What are the normal muscles of ventilation? | Diaphragm External intercostal Exhalation is normall Passive |
| What are the accessory muscles are used to increase ventilation? | Internal Intercostal,sternocleidomastoid (elevated sternum)scalene muscles, Pectoralis Major,Abdominal Muscles (Oblique,rectus abdominus,) Hypertrophy (increase in Muscle size) |
| What causes Hypertrophy of the accessory muscles? | (increase in Muscle size) of accessory muscles occurs with COPD |
| Wasting away of muscles is also referred to as | Atrophy is loss of muscle tone and occurs in Paralysis |
| List the signs of respiratory distress in infants | Flaring of the nostrils during inspiration |
| PT presents to the out PT clinic with a fever and cough producing a small amount of sputum. The Respiratory therapist should evaluate the PT for presence of | An Infection |
| Describe the following Terms Reasonant | normal air filled lung. This gives a HOLLOW sound |
| Describe the following Terms Flat | heard over the sterum, muscle or areas of atelectasis |
| Describe the following Terms Dull | heard over fluid-filled organs such as the heart or liver. Pleural effusion or pneumonia |
| Describe the following Terms Tympanic | is a loud, drum-like sound, heard over the lungs indicates increased in volume. heard over air-filled stomach. |
| Describe the following Terms Hyperresonant | found in areas of the lung where PNEUMOTHRAX or EMPHYSEMA is PRESENT |
| Whit is the difference between veslcular and adventitious breath sounds? | VESLCULAR breath sounds = Nomal Breath Sounds Adventitious breath sounds = Abnomal Breath Sounds |
| What is egophony and what would it indicate | The patient is instructed to say "E" and it soungs like "A". Indicate Consolidation of the lung tissue as with a pneumonia-like condition |
| Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds and the recommended treatment | |
| Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds COARSE RALES | (Ronchi) Large Airway Secrections |
| Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment COARSE RALES | Patient needs suctioning |
| Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds MEDIUM RALES | MEDIUM Airway Secrections |
| Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment MEDIUM RALES | PT needs chest physical therapy |
| Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds Wheeze | Due to Brochospasm, |
| Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment Wheeze | PT needs a brochodilator Unilateral wheeze indicative of a forign body obstruction |
| Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds STRIDOR | Due to upper airway odstruction Supraglottic Swelling (Epiglottitis) Subglottic Swelling (Croup, Post Extubation) Foreign Body Aspiration (Solids or Fluids) |
| Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment STRIDOR | Topical Decongestant(racmic epinephrine) for swelling/edema-Suctioning and/or Bronchoscopy for secretions and foreign body aspiration Intubation for Severe swelling and epiglottitis |
| Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds PLEURAL FRICTION RUB | A coarse grating or crunching sound, Caused by inflamed surface of the visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together, May be assi |
| Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment P | |
| Describe the Following Heart Sounds and when they would occur in the Cardiac Cycle First Sound (S1) | is created by the normal closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the begining of ventricular contraction |
| Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? Second Sound (S2) | is normal ond occurs when systole ends. The ventricles relax and the pulmonic and aortic valves close |
| Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? (S3) | is abnormal and may suggest congestive heart failure. |
| Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? Fourth Sound (S4) | is a indicative of a cardiac abnormality such as myocardial infraction or cardiomegaly |
| Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? Murmur | are sound caused by turbulent blood flow. May be caused by heart valve defects or congential heart abnormalities and should be investigated |
| Describe what the following abnormal heart sounds may indicate? Bruits | are the sounds made in |
| What effect would Cardiac Stress have on Blood Pressure? | Hypoxemia |
| What effect Hypoperfusion have on blood pressure? | decreased blood flow through an organ, as in hypovolemic shock; if prolonged, it may result in permanent cellular dysfunction and death |
| Give a brief description of each of the following breath sounds FINE RALES | (moist crepitant rales) alveoli, Fluid PT has CHF/Pulmonary edema |
| Give a description of each of the following breath sounds recommended treatment FINE RALES | PT needs IPPB, Heart drugs, Diuretics and Oxygen |
Created by:
Cam1228
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