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atoms/peroidctable
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same element |
| electrons | particles within atoms that are negatively charged |
| nulceus | a small dense center that has a positive charge and is surrounded by moving electrons |
| protons | positively charged particles in the nucleus |
| neutrons | uncharged particles |
| electron cloud | the area where electrons move around the nucleus |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an tom |
| mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus |
| periodic table | arrangement of the elements |
| average atomic mass | weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element |
| metals | elements that are shiny and conduct heat and electricity well |
| nonmetals | poor conductors of heat and electricity dull and brittle |
| metalloids | elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals |
| group | each vertical column of elements |
| period | each horizontal row of elements |
| chemical bond | interaction that holds atoms and ions together |
| valence electrons | electrons found in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| ion | a particle with a positive or negative charge |
| ionic bond | a force that brings oppositely charged ions together |
| covalent bond | atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| molecule | a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds |
| metallic bond | forms between metal atoms when their outermost energy levels overlap |