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Phys Sci Mike
Intro physical science Pierce College
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define physical properties | properties of materials that can be measured without changing the identity, or composition,of the material. |
| Define physical changes | changes in a material's size, shape, and physical state |
| Define particle | smallest piece of a material |
| Describe the particle behavior of a solid. | the particles are fixed and vibrate in place |
| Describe the particle behavior of a liquid | particles in a liquid can slide past one another |
| Describe the particle behavior in a gas | particles move about freely with the exception of particle collisions |
| What is electrostatic force, aka van der Waal's force? | the natural attraction between the particles of liquids and solids |
| What determines the particle spacing and motion of particles in a material? | the strength of attraction between particles of a matierial (which also determines the state of matter solid, liquid, or gas) |
| Define density and give the formula for calculating density. | the mass of material contained in each unit volume of the material. D = m/v |
| Name the 2 ways you can find the relative density of a material. | 1. Comparing the mass of equal volumes of two or more materials (using a balance) 2. Observing whether the materials sink or float in one another or in a reference fluid such as water |
| Aside from mass and volume of particles, what else contributes to a material's density? | the strength of the electrostatic force between particles |
| What causes the difference in densities between liquids and solids? | the particle masses and attractive forces between particles differs depending upon the material, causing different densities |
| Define heating curve. | graph plotting temperature vs. time when a substance in constantly heated and changed from a solid to a gas |
| What do the 3 slanted lines in a heating curve represent? | warming of the solid, melting point, and boiling point |
| An increase in the average kinetic energy of the particles during heating causes an _______ in _______ energy which is evident by an increase in temperature. | increase; thermal |
| Define thermal expansion. | An increase in the volume of a liquid or solid. |
| Define thermal contraction. | A decrease in the volume of a liquid or solid. |
| As the average kinetic energy of the particles increases during heating, they move ____er and further apart and the potential energy of the particle system ________s. | faster; increases |
| Define specific heat. | the amount of energy (in units of calories) associated with changing the temperature of 1 gram of a material by 1 degree Celsius. |
| A lower specific heat is represented by a _______ sloped line on the heating/cooling curve or a ____er rate of temperature change when heated/cooled. | steeper; faster |
| A higher specific heat is represented by a ____ steep sloped line on the heating/cooling curve or a ____er rate of temperature change when heated/cooled. | less; slower |
| At the macroscopic level, explain how heating or cooling a material affects the mass, volume, and density. | the mass is unchanged; volume changes during expansion.contraction; change in volume changes the density of the material |
| When heating (or cooling) a material consisting of two states either a solid/liquid or liquid/gas the temperature does/does not change. At the microscopic level there is/ is no change in the average kinetic energies of the particles. | does not; is no |
| How does an increase in potential energy of particles when heated affect a material's state of matter? | can change material from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas. |
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