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Psych100
Chapter 3 - Behavioral Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Classical Conditioning | Association of two unrelated stimuli |
| Ivan Pavlov - Dogs & bells John Watson - Little Albert | NS- rat (neutral response) UCS - Gong, the loud noise UCR - crying (natural response) CS - rat after being paired with gong CR - Crying in presences of rat/anything white (unnatural) |
| Forward short-delay conditioning | The netural stimulus appears, pause, then the unconditioned stimuli appears (Simultaneous, Backwards, long-delay) |
| Garcia Effect | Forward Long-delay conditioning We are wired to associate feeling sick with whatever we last ate so we can avoid it next time. |
| Taste Aversion | Learning to avoid a food that makes you sick taste - feel sick - association |
| Counter Conditioning | To change the association by pairing it with a different |
| Systematic Desensitization | Slowly erase association by exposing the subject to the stimulus in increasing levels of intensity |
| Flooding | To erase association through exhausting |
| Phobia | Irrational fears so intense that they trigger a panic attack |
| Operant Conditioning | Learning to behave in a certain way based on positive and negative consequenes |
| Thorndike's Law of EffectS | Cats in a puzzle box Random trial-and-error behaviors that have satisfactory effects will be linked to the situation, with each positive experience, are more likely to occur. |
| Skinner/Skinner Box | Environment determines all behavior (reward/punishment) actions reinforced with positive consequence more likely to occur more and more |
| Positive Reinforcement (+R) | Presenting a desired stimulus after a desired behavior has occurred (10 min tv for every 30 min studying) |
| Negative Reinforcement (-R) | Removing an aversive stimulus after a desired behavior has occured (no nagging once room is cleaned) |
| Positive Punishment (+P) | Presenting an aversive stimulus after an undesired behavior has occurred (hit for cursing) |
| Negative Punishment (-P) | Removing a desired stimulus after an undesired behavior has occurred (take away favorite toy for not respecting curfew) |
| Shaping | The process of teaching a desired behavior by reinforcing successive approximations to that behavior. |
| Superstitious Behavior | When the subject associates the wrong behavior with a consequence - acts as though the behavior has a meaningful consequence |
| Extinction | Behavior reappears after a time in spontaneous recovery |
| Extinction Burst | Period after extinction where the subject will try a variety of behaviors to make the reinforces come back - teach new tricks! |
| Learned Helplessness | Learned sense of helplessness when unable to avoid negative consequences |
Created by:
ybekele
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