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PSY 401
Humanitarian Reform
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the process of trephination? | Ancient technique of chipping/drilling holes in the skull to allow for release of evil spirits. |
| Historical profession of exorcism. | Prayers and averse concoctions (vomiting). Stems all the way back to ancient Greek healing. |
| Dance manias in the middle ages were thought to be related to diseases/mental illnesses, but later found to be caused by social effects. Describe the dance mania Tarantism. | Seeing/hallucinating tarantulas, getting "bit", and then dancing wildly to get the venom out. |
| Describe the dance mania St. Vitus Dance. | Get the mania, rip off clothes & dance wildly. No one could stop them. They would eventually get exhausted and pass out. |
| Describe the dance mania Moonstruck behavior. | During the full moon people would go wild and dance all night until they passed out. |
| During the Middle Ages, biting mania was also an unusual phenomenon occurring among nuns. Describe this. | There was a nun who started biting nuns & then they began biting other nuns - spread rapidly. |
| What is Lycanthropy? | People thought that they were wolves & the treatment was to cut off limbs to drain blood. |
| Explain the Rise of Witchcraft. | Heinrich Kramer & Jacob Sprenger published "Malleus Maleficarum" (1486) which was widely distributed. This publication was composed of classification of witches, methods of witchcraft, & courtroom procedures. Apex in 17th c. |
| Who was Johann Christian Reil? | Wrote "Application of Psychotherapy to Mental Disease" (1803) which emphasized the focus on treatment. Also introduced psychodrama - treatment that has patient act out symptoms and neurotic behavior. |
| Who was William Tuke? | Established the York Retreat in England. This was a humane alternative to st. Mary's of Bethlehem (terrible patient conditions). Where patients could socialize, spend time outside, & receive occupational therapy, etc. |
| Who was Daniel Hack Tuke and what did he do? | William Tuke's grandson who gave legitimacy to York Retreat because he was an actual doctor. |
| Who was Philippe Pinel and what were some of his contributions? | He was the director of Bicetre Asylum (1793). Wrote "A Treatise on insanity" which emphasized social environment. He was also the first to maintain patient stats/case histories. |
| Who was Benjamin Rush and what were some of his contributions? | Founder of American Psychiatry. Asserted that mental disorders are physiological, and not possessions. Suggested treatments such as diet & climate, and the tranquility chair. |
| What is the Tranquility Chair? | Device Rush thought would lessen the force of the blood on the head while the muscles were relaxed. Used to treat mental disorders. |
| Describe Rush's views on alcohol. | First prominent physician to see alcoholism as a disease and also as a problem that required treatment. He urged the establishment of special hospitals specifically designed to treat alcoholics, which he called “sober houses.” |
| Who was Franz Anton Mesmer and what were some of his contributions? | German physicist who advocated for Magnet Therapy, influenced by Maximillian Hell. He believed mental disorders were the result of imbalanced force fields & could be treated with magnets. |
| Describe Mesmer's Animal Magnetism Therapy | Early group therapy ~ Induced trance & "crisis" in patients. Experienced the Contagion Effect: Groups are more susceptible to suggestion than individuals. |
| What did Dorothea Lynde Dix do (1802-1887)? | Application of social reforms for the mentally ill. |
Created by:
cassidylm34
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