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Semester 2 Review
Term | Definition |
---|---|
circuit | closed conducting loop through which an electric current can flow |
electric current | the net movement of electric charges in a single direction, measured in amperes |
conductor | material, such as copper wire, in which electrons can move easily |
insulator | material in which electrons are not able to move easily |
law of conservation of charge | states that charge can be transferred from one object to another but cannot be created or destroyed |
chemical change | change of one substance into a new substance |
chemical property | any characteristic of a substance, such as flammability, that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change |
physical change | any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same |
physical property | any characteristics of a material, such as a size or shape, that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity of the material |
law of conservation of mass | states that the mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances remaining after the change |
kinetic theory | explanation of the behavior of molecules in matter; states that all matter is made of constantly moving particles that collide without losing energy |
thermal expansion | increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased |
viscosity | |
buoyancy | ability of a fluid--a liquid or a gas--to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid |
proton | particle, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom that has a charge of 1+ |
neutron | neutral particle, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom |
electron | particles surrounding the center of an atom that have a charge of 1- |
atomic number | number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
mass number | sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus |
ductile | ability of metals or alloys to be pulled into wires |
malleable | ability of metals and alloys to be rolled or hammered into thin sheets |
metal | element that typically is a hard, shiny solid, is malleable, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity |
nonmetals | element that usually is a gas or brittle solid at room temperature, is not malleable or ductile, is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and typically is not shiny |
metalloids | elements that share some properties with metals and some with nonmetals |