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Semester Test Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| circuit | closed conducting loop through which an electric current can flow |
| electric current | the net movement of electric charges in a single direction, measured in amperes |
| conductor | material, such as copper wire, in which electrons can move easily |
| insulator | material in which electrons are not able to move easily |
| law of conservation of charge | states that charge can be transferred from one object to another but cannot be created or destroyed |
| chemical change | change of one substance into a new substance |
| chemical property | any characteristic of a substance, such as flammability, that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change |
| physical change | any change in size, shape or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same |
| law of conservation of mass | state that the mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances remaining after the change |
| kinetic theory | explanation of the behavior or molecules in matter; states that all matter is made of consonantly moving particles that collide without losing energy |
| thermal expansion | increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased |
| viscosity | a fluid's resistance to flow |
| buoyancy | ability of a fluid-a liquid or a gas-to exert an upward force on an object immersed in the fluid |
| proton | particle, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom that has a charge of 1+ |
| neutron | neutral particle, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | particles surrounding the center of an atom that have a charge of 1- |
| atomic number | number of protons in an atom's nucleus |
| mass number | sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus |
| ductile | ability of metals to be drawn into wires |
| malleable | ability of metals and alloys to be rolled or hammered into thin sheets |
| metal | element that typically is a hard, shiny solid, is malleable, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity |
| nonmetals | element that usually is a gas or brittle solid at room temperature, is not malleable or ductile, is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and typically is not shiny |
| metalloids | element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmetals |
Created by:
clayjohnson
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