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semester study guide
Question | Answer |
---|---|
circuit | closed conducting loop through which an electric current can flow. |
electric current | the net movement of electric charges in a single direction, measured in amperes. |
conductor | material, such as copper wire, in which electrons can move easily. |
insulator | material in which electrons are not table to move easily. |
law of conservation of charge | states that charge can be transferred from one object to another but cannot be created or destroyed. |
chemical change | change of one substance into a new substance. |
chemical property | any characteristic of a substance, such as flammability, that indicates whether in can underge a certain chemical change. |
physical change | any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same. |
law of conservation of mass | states that the mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances remaining after the change. |
kinetic theory | the body of theory that explains the physical properties of matter in terms of the motions of its constituent particles. |
thermal expansion | increase in the size, of a substances when the temperature is increased. |
viscosity | a fluid's resistance to flow. |
buoyancy | the ability or tendency to float in water or air or some other fluid. |
proton | particles, composed of quarks, inside the nucleus of an atom that has a charge of 1. |
neutron | neutral particle, composed of quarks. inisde the nucleus of an atom. |
electron | a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. |
atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table. |
mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. |
ductile | able to be deformed without losing toughness; pliable, not brittle. |
malleable | able to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking. |
metal | a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity. |
nonmetals | an element or substance that is not a metal. |
metalloids | whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals. They are electrical semiconductors. |
physical property | A physical property is any property that is measurable whose value describes a state of a physical system. |