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Intelligence
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do we define intelligence? | The ability to solve problems and adapt and learn from the environment |
| What are the limitations to how we define intelligences? | Doesn't take into account interpersonal skills, memory capacity, vocabulary usage, or novelty in ideas |
| What is Spearman's psychometric approach to find the "g" factor? | There is one specific overall level of intelligence and could be the result of outside factors (e.g. health) |
| What is Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? | Three main levels of intelligence (componential, experiential, and contextual) |
| What is Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences? | Differentiates intelligence into specific (primarily sensory) "modalities", rather than seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability. |
| How can we test intelligence? | Through intelligence tests |
| Intelligence Tests | Established techniques that allows researchers to compare an individual to their age and culture equivalent peers in order to determine how much more or less "intelligent" he or she is |
| Who was Alfred Binet? | One of the first psychologists to scientifically explore intelligence and essentially created the first intelligence test |
| What kind of intelligence tests did Alfred Binet design? | Designed a series of tests that looked at basic skills in children and moved on to more complex skills when comparing adolescents |
| What is the Stanford-Binet IQ Test? | A new IQ test that measure multiple facets of intelligence across a large range of ages. Normally distributed with standardized scores. |
| What did the stanford-binet iq test measure? | Fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial reasoning, and working memory |
| Who created the stanford-binet iq test? | Lewis Terman at Stanford University |
| Who was David Wechsler? | Developed a series of questions and tasks that broke down intelligence into different dimensions minimized cultural and language biasing in some dimensions such as verbal skills, performance skills, working memory, and processing speed |
| Heritability | The proportion of a characteristic that can be attributed to the genetic makeup of parents |
| Nature | The amount of a characteristic that can be attributed to our biology (high heritability) |
| Nurture | The amount of a characteristic that can be attributed to our environment (low heritability) |
| What have sibling studies shown? | Revealed a very high level of genetic heritability in the area of intelligence and particularly true when we look at adult intelligence |
| What are some outlooks on heritability? | Recent studies have led us to conclude that environments, especially ones that are significantly different can also play a big role in intelligence |
| Flynn Effect | Worldwide increases in intelligence over the past few decades |
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