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Memory Issues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Serial Order (position) effect | Retention of information/items is easier or more difficult due to when it is presented with respect to information/items |
| Primacy Effect | The ability to remember information at the beginning more easily |
| Recency Effect | The ability to remember information at the end more easily |
| Interference | Information can be lost or less accurate due to an overlap of similar information |
| Proactive Interference | New material is lost (not easily stored) due to old material |
| Example of Proactive interference | New names of classmates after a number of semesters at school |
| Retroactive Interference | Old material is lost (forgotten) due to new material |
| Example of Retroactive interference | Old lock combinations |
| Reconstruction Effect | Our tendency to include inaccurate information into our memories in an attempt to "fill in the gaps" or "fix the errors" and can cause us to recall things that never occurred |
| Example of Reconstruction effect | The subway video we watched in class where one person would tell another person of what they recollected from the previous person |
| Hindsight Bias | Denial of your preference for something after something goes wrong |
| Levels of processing theory | Conversion of information from short term memory to long term memory is dictated by your approach to the information. If we spend more time on the information we will be able to turn it into long term memory |
| Encoding Specificity | We're more likely to remember information when we are in a condition that resembles the condition that we were in when we learned the information |
| What are examples of encoding specificity? | Language studies, mood dependency, situation dependency, state dependency |
| How can increased number of learning sessions improve memory? | Allows for you to sustain deeper processing and increase the number of primacy and recency effects |
| Mnemonic Devices | Encoding or storing techniques that aid in the process of information retrieval |
| What are examples of mnemonic devices? | acronyms, chunking, and method of loci |
| Method of Loci | Hear something familiar and make a scenario to help you remember a list. For example the house example in which you give each room in the house a food item to help remember a grocery list |
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