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Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the Trichromatic Theory? | Proposes that we have three types of receptors that are sensitive to three primary colors: blue, green, and red and that color vision depends on the relative rate of response by the three types of cones. |
| What is a proof of the trichromatic theory? | Color Vision Deficiencies |
| Trichromats | most of us have three types of cones (L-cones, M-cones, and S-cones) |
| What is Color Vision Deficiency? | The inability to detect different colors or differences between colors can come in a number of forms: monochromatism, protonapia, deuteranopia, and tritanopia |
| What are some limitations of the trichromatic theory? | It cannot explain the afterimage effect and it struggles to explain our ability to perceive consistency and adjust for light and dark contrasts |
| What is the Opponent Process Theory? | We sense color not in terms of separate categories but rather in a system of paired opposites such as red v. green, blue v. yellow, and black v. white |
| What cells have been linked to the opponent process theory? | Ganglion and bipolar cells |
| Color Constancy | When determining the color of objects, our minds go beyond using just the frequency of the electromagnetic waves. The brightness of surrounding objects influences our perception of the color and brightness of an object |
| What is the Retinex Theory? | Our cerebral cortex also plays a role in how we interpret color, it allows us to see color constancy and adult for ambient light |
| What is Perceptual Psychology? | A field of psychology that attempts to understand how we perceive the world around us |
| What is Gestalt Psychology? | This principle maintains that the human mind considers objects in their entirety before, or in parallel with, perception of their individual parts; suggesting the whole is other than the sum of its parts |
| What is an example of perceptual psychology? | Depth Perception: Binocular Eyes |
| Retinal Disparity | The distance of an object is determined by the difference of the signals received by the two eyes |
| Convergence | The distance of an object is determined by the amount of eye movement required to focus on an object. For example, the butterfly picture motion where butterflies converge into a person's nose which makes the butterfly appear closer |
| What makes up Monocular Cues | Nearer objects look bigger, our brains can detect how much the lens of the eye needed to shift in order to focus on an object, and more detail signifies a closer object |
| What makes up Binocular Cues? | Retinal Disparity and Covergence |
| The Muller-Lyer Illusion | An optical illusion consisting of a stylized arrow. When viewers are asked to place a mark on the figure at the midpoint, they invariably place it more towards the "tail" end |
| Depth Perception Illusions | The visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D) and the distance of an object |
| The Ponzo Illusion | a geometrical-optical illusion that suggested that the human mind judges an object's size based on its background. Shown through two identical lines across a pair of converging lines, similar to railway tracks. |
| The Ames Room | A distorted room that is used to create an optical illusion |
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