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Chapter 5
Unit 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Sensation | Stimuli entering the brain |
Perception | Brain's interpretation of sensation |
Transduction | Electrical conversion from sensation to perception |
Absolute threshold | Minimum amount of sensation required (1) in order for the brain to form an accurate perception 50% of the time |
Just Noticeable Difference | minimum amount of sensory change required for the brain to maintain accurate perception 50% of the time (difference in volume) |
Difference Threshold | Minimum amount of variation between identical or similar sensation to have accurate perception 50% of the time |
Subliminal Threshold | Unconcious mind is aware, concious mind is not |
Sensory Adaptation | Modify when needed |
Weber's Law | Contradicts threshold, the brain's ability to determine threshold depends on the sensation |
Signal Detection theory | Contradicts threshold, if the person is motivated to make a perception the sensation will be more likely |
False positive | the brain thinks it forms perception, but it doesn't |
False negative | fails to identify an actual perception |
Gate theory | Large fiber input, small fiber input |
Large fiber input | gate closed |
Small fiber input | gate open |
Primary senses | See, hear, smell, taste, touch |
See | vision |
Hear | audition |
Smell | olfaction |
Taste | Gustation |
Touch | Somatosense |
Secondary sense | Balance and movement |
Balance | Vestibular |
Movement | kinesthetic |
Visual capture | If more than 1 of your senses is being focused on, vision is #1 |
Light | wavelength=distance |
Hue | color |
Cornea | Protective covering |
Pupil | Opening in which light enters |
Iris | Muscle expands and contracts the pupil |
lens | focuses light and flips the image |
Retina | Screen in back of eye that activates neurons |
Fovea | area of central focus |
Cones | Retina cells activated by color (Central vision) |
Rods | Retina cells activated by black and white (peripheral vision) |
Optic nerve | carries signal to the brain |
Blind spot | Missing photoreceptor cells leads to lack of vision |
Sound | Amplitude and frequency |
Amplitude | volume |
Frequency | Pitch |
Outer ear | collects the sound wave; pinna and ear canal |
Pinna | Directs sound into the ear |
Ear canal | carries wave to the inner ear |
Middle ear | Eardrum and bones |
eardrum | vibrates from the sound wave |
Bones | transmit vibration to the oval window |
Inner ear | Cochlea, semicircular canals, Eustacian Tube, auditory nerve |
Cochlea | Fluid chamber lined with hair cells |
Semicircular canals | Control balance |
Eustacion tube | equalize pressure |
Auditory nerve | carries signals to the brain |