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Chapter 4
Unit 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Germinal | 2 weeks |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg |
| Embryonic | 2 weeks-2 months |
| Fetal | 7 months |
| Age of viability | 22/26-50%/28-98% weeks |
| Infant reflexes | Eventually disappear |
| Rooting | Head automatically turns in direction of being touched- not by choice |
| Sucking | When infants lips are touched they will form immediate suction around object and start breathing in |
| Swallowing | Automatically swallow when something is in mouth |
| Grasping | Instinctively hold on; primitive reflex |
| Moro | Primitive reflex; defensive reflex to protect from falling, extension of arms when falling |
| Babinski | Scraping baby foot - toes separate, foot opens |
| Plantar | press on foot, toes and foot arch, almost to grasp |
| Tonic neck | fencing |
| Positive support | babys legs will flex enough to take weight |
| Stepping | when standing, lean forward leg will lift up |
| 3 months | rolling |
| 6 months | sit on own w/o falling |
| 9 months | stand |
| 10 months | crawl |
| 12 months | walk |
| Audition | hearing=perfect |
| Cognitive Development | Piaget |
| Schema | cognitive category of like info |
| Assimilation | Occurs when new knowledge gets classified into existing schema |
| Accommodation | If assimilation doesn't occur; when new info can't be classified, create new schema; modify preexisting schema to make new criteria fit |
| Sensorimotor stage | try to build schema through interactions |
| Object permanence | Objects/people remain in existence even out of sensory range |
| Preoperational stage | memory formation |
| Symbolic representation | 2-3 years; words |
| Concrete operations | Basic problem solving; 3-7 years |
| Formal operations | abstract thought |
| Attachment theory | Imprinting, Contact comfort, Stranger anxiety |
| Imprinting | Lorenz; instinctive bond between child and care taker |
| Critical period | humans, time for bond to form |
| Contact comfort | Harlow; tested monkey |
| Stranger anxiety | Ainsworth |
| Resistant attachment | Child reacts with panic attack; excessively dependent upon care giver |
| Secure attachment | Healthy balance |
| Avoidant attachment | excessively independent; no bond |
| Disorganized attachment | inconsistent bond |
| Parenting styles | Baumrind |
| Authoritarian | Control as long as they can |
| Authoritative | People have a voice, willing to compromise |
| Permissive | Lenient parent; child has final say |
| Pubescence | multiyear growth spurt that dominates adolescence |
| Asynchrony | Out of pace |
| Puberty | Menarche & spermarche |
| Menarche | First menstration |
| Spermarche | First ejaculation |
| Nocturnal Emission | night time involuntary release of sperm |
| Cognitive dissonance | inconsistency between what you're doing and what you're thinking |
| Rationalization | Mental ability to logically justify wrong behavior |
| Idealism | Ability to conceptualize perfection |
| Messiah complex | you are perfect, noone else is |
| Argumentativeness | logically defend a position |
| Invulnerability | False belief you won't die |
| Personal fable | bad things happen to others, but not to me |
| Prefrontal complex | critical thinking; does not develop fully until 24 yo |
| Moral Development Theory | Kohlberg; Pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional |
| Pre-conventional Level | Stage 1 (avoid pain) & Stage 2 (seek pleasure) Thinking only about self |
| Conventional Level | Stage 3 (peer approval) & Stage 4 (social approval) how others react |
| Post-conventional Level | Stage 5 (evaluate authority) & stage 6 (Empathize) |
| Social approval | Laws created by larger society |
| Evaluate authority | Challenge authority to make a change |
| Empathize | Treat others how you wish to be treated |
| Psychosocial Development Theory | Erikson; Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy v. doubt, initiative v. guilt, Industry v. inferiority, Identity v. role confusion, Intimacy v. isolation, Generativity v. stagnation, integrity v. despair |
| Autonomy | Performs tasks independently |
| Initiative | Cognitive, be able to make simple decision |
| Industry | Specialized talent |
| Role Confusion | Multiple things telling you what to choose |
| Intimacy | Sharing your life with someone else |
| Isolation | never get married |
| Generativity | Raising a child, look to the future |
| Stagnation | stuck in the present |
| Integrity | Elderly people, pride |
| Despair | elderly people, regret |
| Identity development Theory | Marcia; Identity foreclosure, Identity diffusion, identity moratorium, identity achievement |
| Identity Foreclosure | child expresses parents beliefs as if they're their own |
| Identity diffusion | separate from parents |
| Negative identity | express values that are opposite of parents |
| Identity Moratorium | Young adult explores alternatives |
| Identity achievement | Develop own beliefs |
| Sexual ability | menopause, male infertility, impotence/erectile dysfunction |
| Menopause | end of period forever |
| Male infertility | Male menopause, no longer able to produce children |
| Impotence/Erectile Dsyfunction | Hard time getting hard |
| Cognitive Development | Intelligence, Dementia |
| Intelligence | Fluid and crystallized |
| fluid intelligence | process and apply new info, peaks then decreases |
| Crystallized intelligence | life experiences, brains ability to process and apply old info, keeps increasing |
| Senile Dementia | Deterioration of brain |
| Alzheimer's Disease | Memory |
| Social Development | Social clock, Levinson's model of incremental aging, Elderly identity Development |
| Social clock | Social expectations |
| Levinson's Model of Incremental aging | Stages man will go through with his career |
| Early Adulthood | Career, Age 30 transition, settling down, Boom phase |
| Career | Profession for rest of life, passion |
| Age 30 transition | Start changing your mind when reality hits |
| Settling down | 30-40 career will imiprove |
| Boom phase | pinacle of career satisfaction |
| Middle Adulthood | Boredom, Mid-life crisis, Burnout, Generativity |
| Boredom | Don't like job, but can tolerate it |
| Midlife crisis | point when individual realizes closer to death than birth |
| Burnout | Hate job |
| Late Adulthood era | Retirement, bereavement, widowhood, ageism |
| Retirement | stop working |
| Bereavement | grieve when someone dies |
| Widowhood | death of a spouse |
| Ageism | Discrimination against elderly |
| Elderly Identity Development | Integrated, Armor-Defended, Passive-dependent, unintegrated |
| Integrated | Ideal grandparent; stereotypical |
| Armor-Defended | work, then try making up for it. Doesn't want to be stereotype |
| Passive-Dependent | Inactive, needs to be taken care of |
| Unintegrated | wants the stereotype, but can't |
| Death and Dying | Kubler-Ross, Attitudes, Bereavement, Confrontation |
| Attitudes | Childhood, Adolescence, Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Late Adulthood |
| Childhood Adulthood | Reversible |
| Adolescence | Glamorous |
| Early Adulthood | Fearful |
| Middle Adulthood | Inevitable |
| Late Adulthood | Acceptable |
| Bereavement | Shock, despair, Memory perpetuation, Recovery |
| Confrontation | Denial, anger, bargaining, Depression, acceptance |
Created by:
maechtlesarah
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