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Chapter 2
Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Afferent Neurons | Carry messages from the body to the brain |
| Efferent Neurons | Carry messages from the brain to the body |
| Interneurons | Coordinate communication within the brain |
| Axon | transmit information to different neurons; carry away from cell body |
| Dendrites | Neurotransmitter receptors |
| Myelin Sheath | Helps accelerate charge; protective coating |
| Soma | Cell body |
| Synapse | Space between neurons |
| Terminal buttons | Neurotransmitter storage facility |
| Acetylcholine | Learning, memory, and muscle movement |
| Endorphins | Natural pain killers |
| Epinephrine | Activated when under stress |
| Norephrine | Activated to reduce stress reaction` |
| Dopamine | Regulates heart and blood pressure |
| GABA | Regulates muscle movement |
| Oxytocin | Released in both sexes during orgasm |
| Serotonin | Increase mood, sleep, sex drive, appetite |
| Central Branch | Main |
| Brain | Organization of incoming stimuli |
| Spinal cord | message carrier |
| Peripheral branch | Outside |
| Somatic Division | Voluntary movement |
| Autonomic Division | Involuntary Movement |
| Sympathetic | Activates fight or flight response |
| Parasympathetic | Bring body back to homeostasis after fight or flight |
| Endocrine System | Regulates release of hormones |
| Pituitary Gland | Master gland, incharge |
| Pineal Gland | Sleep |
| Thyroid Gland | Growth |
| Thymus | Immunity |
| Adrenal Gland | Adrenalyn stress |
| Pancreas | insulin |
| Gonads | Sex; reproduction; testes and ovaries |
| EEG | Brain waves |
| CT | x-rays |
| PET | Glucose |
| MRI | live picture of brain due to disruption of molecules |
| fMRI | PET + MRI |
| Hindbrain | Brainstem & Cerebellum |
| Brainstem | Medulla, Pons, Reticular formation |
| Medulla Oblongata | Reflexes |
| Pons | Facial expressions |
| Reticular Formation | Level of alertness |
| Cerebellum | Voluntary movement |
| Forebrain | limbic system |
| Limbic system | Thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, septum, hippocampus |
| Thalamus | Takes in and decides where to send senses |
| Hypothalamus | metabolic processes |
| Amygdala | violent center |
| Septum | Fear center |
| Hippocampus | memory |
| Cerebral cortex | sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory |
| lobes | Areas |
| Parietal lobe | Sensory imput |
| Frontal lobe | Thinking |
| Broca's Area | speech, if damaged can't talk |
| occipital lobe | Vision |
| Temporal | Sound and speech |
| Wernicke's Area | speech, if damaged words come out as jiberish |
| Motor cortex | movement |
| Sensory cortex | interprets sensory imput |
| Association Areas | Link sense to memory |
| Left hemisphere | logical |
| Right Hemisphere | creative |
| Corpus callosum | Connects hemispheres |
Created by:
maechtlesarah
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