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S & P
Audition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a pure tone? | The sound of only one frequency |
| What is the fundamental note? | The greatest amplitude that is heard predominantly because it has a larger intensity. |
| What is loudness? | physiological perception, depending on sound pressure, spectrum of the harmonics and physical duration. |
| Describe the missing fundamental. | When a sounds overtones suggest a fundamental frequency but the sound lacks a component at the fundamental frequency itself. Thus, the sound perceptually sounds the same as the fundamental frequency. |
| What is Place Theory? | Basilar membrane vibrates @ frequency of stimulus -> cells fire at this location -> leads to pitch perception. But humans can discriminate between 1000-1003 Hz, so this is only an adequate explanation for > 5000 Hz |
| What is Timing Theory? | Neurons fire synchronous with frequency of stimulus (Volley Principle). Neurons cannot fire APs at high freq. Adequate explanation for stimuli < 1000 Hz |
| Who developed the Place Theory of pitch perception? | George von Bekesy |
| Explain the significance of music training. | Research has shown music training early on in life benefits the brain later on in life. Trained musicians show a 25% increase in the region of the auditory cortex that responds to piano tones, compared to non-musicians. |
| Describe the Volley Priniple | Groups of neurons of the auditory system respond to a sound by firing APs slightly out of phase with one another so that when combined, a greater frequency of sound can be encoded and sent to the brain to be analyzed (Phase locking) |
| What about stimuli from 1000-5000 Hz? | This is the range of our greatest sensitivity. The best explanation for this range is combination of the 2 theories of pitch perception. |
| In sound localization, what is Inter-aural sound delay processed by? | The superior olivary nucleus. |
| How are differences in interaural sound intensity explained? | Acoustic shadow cast by the head. |
| What are the directions in sound localization? | Elevation (vertical) and Azimuth (horizontal) |
| Describe the auditory pathways. | Auditory nerve -> cochlear nucleus -> superior olivary nucleus -> inferior colliculus -> medial geniculate nucleus -> Auditory cortex. ~Auditory structures are bilateral & can cross over between sides~ |
| What is the speed of sound & light? | ~Sound - 340 km/sec in air ~Light - 300,000 km/sec in air |
Created by:
cassidylm34
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