Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 14
PSYCH 225
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ageism | a prejudice whereby people are categorized and judged solely on the basis of their chronological age |
| elderspeak | a condescending way of speaking to older adults that resembles baby talk, with simple and short sentences, exaggerated emphasis, repetition, and a slower rate and a higher pitch than used in normal speech |
| demographic shift | a shift in the proportions of the populations of various ages |
| dependency ratio | a calculation of the number of self-sufficient, productive adults compared with the number of dependents (children and elderly) in a given population) |
| young-old | healthy, vigorous, financially secure older adults (generally, those aged 60 to 75) who are well integrated into the lives of their families and communities |
| old-old | older adults (generally, those older than 75) who suffer from physical, mental, or social deficits |
| oldest-old | elderly adults (generally, those older than 85) who are dependent on others for almost everything, requiring supportive services such as nursing homes and hospital days |
| wear and tear | a view of aging as a process by which the human boy wears out because of the passage of time and exposure to environmental stressors |
| genetic clock | a purported mechanism in the DNA of cells that regulates the aging process by triggering hormonal changes and controlling cellular reproduction and repair |
| cellular aging | the ways in which molecules and cells are affected by age. Many theories aim to explain how and why aging causes cells to deteriorate |
| Hayflick limit | the number of times a human cell is capable of dividing into two new cells. The limit for most human cells is approximately 50 division, an indication that the life span is limited by our genetic program |
| calorie restriction | the practice of limiting dietary energy intake (while consuming sufficient quantities of vitamins, minerals, and other important nutrients) for the purpose of improving health and slowing down the aging process |
| ecological validity | the idea that cognition should be measured in settings that are as realistic as possible and that the abilities measured should be those needed in real life |
| control processes | the part of the information-processing system that regulates the analysis and flow of information. Memory and retrieval strategies, selective attention, and rules or strategies for problem solving are all useful control processes |
| primary aging | the universal and irreversible physical changes that occur in all living creatures as they grow older |
| secondary aging | the specific physical illnesses or conditions that become more common with aging but are caused by health habits, genes, and other influences that vary from person to person |
| compression of morbidity | a shortening of the time a person spends ill or infirm, accomplished by postponing illness |
| osteoporosis | fragile bones that result from primary aging, which makes bones more porous, especially if a person is at genetic risk |
| dementia | irreversible loss of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease. This becomes more common with age, but it is abnormal and pathological even in the very old. |
| delirium | a temporary loss of memory, often accomplished by hallucinations, terror, grandiosity, and irrational behavior |
| Alzheimer disease (AD) | the most common cause of dementia characterized by gradual deterioration of memory and personality and marked by the formation of plaques of beta-amyloid protein and tangles of tau in the brain |
| vascular dementia | a form of dementia characterized by sporadic, and progressive, loss of intellectual functioning caused by repeated infarcts, or temporary obstructions of blood vessels, which prevent sufficient blood from reaching the brain |
| frontal lobe dementia | deterioration of the amygdala and frontal lobes that may be the cause of 15 percent of all dementias |
| Parkinson disease | a chronic, progressive disease that is characterized by muscle tremor and rigidity and sometimes dementia; caused by reduced dopamine production in the brain |
| Lewy body disease | a form of dementia characterized by an increase in Lewy body cells in the brain. Symptoms include visual hallucinations, momentary loss of attention, falling,and fainting |
| mini-mental state examination (MMSE) | a test that is used to measure cognitive ability, especially in late adulthood |
| polypharmacy | refers to a situation in which elderly people are prescribed several medications. The various side effects and interactions of these medications can result in dementia symptoms |
| self-actualization | the final stage in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, characterized by aesthetic, creative, philosophical, and spiritual understanding |
| life review | an examination of one's own role in the history of human life, engaged in by many elderly people |
| maximum life span | the oldest possible age that members of a species can live under ideal circumstances. For humans, that age is approximately 122 years. |
| average life expectancy | the number of years the average newborn in a particular population group is likely to live |
| self theories | theories of late adulthood that emphasize the core self, or the search to maintain one's integrity and identity |
| compulsive hoarding | the urge to accumulate and hold on to familiar objects and possessions, sometimes to the point of their becoming health and/or safety hazards. This impulse tends to increase with age. |
| integrity versus despair | the final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental sequence, in which older adults seek to integrate their unique experiences with their vision of community. |
| positivity effect | the tendency for elderly people to perceive, prefer, and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones |
| stratification theories | emphasizes that social forces, esp. those related to a person's social stratum or social category, limit ind. choices and affect a person's ability to function in late adulthood because past stratification continues to limit life in various ways |
| disengagement theory | the view that aging makes a person's social sphere increasingly narrow, resulting in role relinquishment, withdrawal, and passivity |
| activity theory | the view that elderly people want and need to remain active in social spheres - with relatives, friends, and community groups - and become withdrawn only unwillingly, as a result of ageism |
| age in place | remaining in the same home and community in later life, adjusting but not leaving when health fades |
| universal design | designing physical space and common tools that are suitable for people of all ages and all levels of ability |
| naturally occurring retirement community (NORC) | a neighborhood or apartment complex whose population is mostly retired people who moved to the location as younger adults and never left |
| AARP | a U.S. organization of people 50 and older that advocates for the elderly. It was originally called the American Association of Retired Persons, but now only the initials AARP are used, since members need not be retired |
| filial responsibility | the obligation of adult children to care for their aging parents |
| frail elderly | people older than 65, and often older than 85, who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disabled |
| activities of daily life (ADLs) | typically identified as five tasks of self-care that are important to independent living: eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, and transferring from a bed to a chair. The inability to perform and of these tasks is a sign of frailty |
| instrumental activities of daily life (ADLs) | actions (i.e. budgeting and preparing food) that are important to independent living and that require some intellectual competence and forethought. The ability to perform these tasks may be even more critical to self-sufficiency than ADL ability |
| assisted living | a living arrangement for elderly people that combines privacy and independence with medical supervision |
Created by:
Nicolekr
Popular Psychology sets