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Personality Theories
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Carl Jung believe in? | Believed that our personal unconscious did not contain the basic instincts that Freud proposed. Our look toward the future and striving for goal is equally important. People possess personality traits as a result of collective unconscious |
| Who was Carl Jung? | Colleague of Freud's and accepted many of freud's beliefs about formation of personality but broke away because of his differing beliefs about personality formation |
| Archetypes | Vague, existential, and spiritual images/concepts found within our personality. Some are inherited from the experiences of our ancestors and others are unique to the individual |
| Who was Alfred Adler? | Freud's student who broke away because he thought freud focused too much on sex. Formed a branch of psychology called individual psychology |
| Individual Psychology | An approach to study the personality of a person as a whole rather than in separate parts |
| What did Alfred Adler Superiority Theory entail? | Believed that personality was based on our attempts to pursue our strengths and make up for our shortcomings |
| Striving for Superiority | A desire to seek personal excellence and fulfillment |
| Inferiority Complex | An exaggerated feeling of weakness, inadequacy, and helplessness due to assessing a lack in a skill |
| Who was Carl Rogers? | Formed a theory of personality that was focused on the positive concepts of individuals |
| What is humanistic psychology? | People are constantly striving for betterment and to react a point of accurate self representation and point self actualization |
| Self Actualization | The achievement of one's full potential through the alignment of selves. It is accompanied by specific traits and rarely achieved by individuals |
| What is the difference between actual, ideal, and aught self? | Actual is the person that we are, Ideal is the person we want to be, and Aught is the person we feel we should be |
| Who was Abraham Maslow and what did he believe in? | Another humanist who believed in the concept of self actualization however he proposed that to pursue self actualization a person had needs that had to be met first. |
| What is Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? | Self Actualization (self fulfillment), esteem (respect of others), love (affections/giving/receiving), safety (harness), and physiological (hunger) |
| What is the social cognitive model? | Believed hat individuals are constantly working to understand their environment. Develop personality from social environment. We interact with out environment to obtain things that we learn to want, trough techniques that we learn to use |
| Who was Albert Bandura? | Social cognitive theorist who focused on how we learn to develop personality related behaviors |
| Who was Walter Mischel? | Social cognitive theorist who was a student of George Kelly and focused research on the cognitions that we develop that form our personality. also introduced the concept of competencies |
| Modeling | The process of developing behaviors based on the observation of others and the outcomes that they experience. eg. the bobo doll experiment |
| Delay of gratification | The ability to withstand temptation in order to achieve a greater reward. eg. marshmallow study |
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