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Freud
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do we look for in personality psychology? | Consistency in behavior, ways to describe behavioral trends, causes of consistencies, results or impacts of individual differences |
| What is Psychodynamic Theory? | Personality is based on the interplay of conflicting forces within the individual. Includes forces that individual is both aware and unaware of |
| Conscious | The thoughts and experiences that impact our behavior that we are AWARE of |
| Unconscious | The thoughts and experiences that impact our behavior that we are NOT AWARE of |
| What are some assumptions about the forces? | Conscious and unconscious forces come from current and past experiences/desires of individuals. Past traumatic experiences and unmet needs can result in abnormal behaviors. When these forces are subsided, a sense of relief can be experienced |
| Catharsis | A release of pent up emotional tensions |
| The "Id" | An unconscious force that constantly seeks satisfaction of basic needs (survival, sex, immediate gratification) |
| The "Superego" | Unconscious force that's only goal is to push us to do what is right (acceptable to society's standards) |
| The "ego" | A conscious force that operates on the reality principle. It seeks to satisfy id's and the superego's desires in realistic ways |
| How do we fix abnormal personality (according to Freud)? | Bring the unconscious "up" to change personality through: psychoanalysis, free association, dream interpretation, freudian slips, hypnosis |
| What is the source of most personality? | Freud eventually went on to argue that children of all ages have some form of sexual tension that causes most personality. It is a result of libido (psychosexual energy) that comes in different forms during develeopment |
| What happens when our social worlds doesn't allow us to act on our drives? | According to Freud, in order to deal with the tensions between id, ego, superego, we develop defense mechanism which help keep us sane while alleviating the stress of the conflicting tensions |
| What are the different defense mechanisms? | Repression, Denial, Rationalism, Displacement, Regression, Proejction, Reaction Formation |
| Repression | withdrawal from consciousness of an unwanted idea, affect, or desire by pushing it down, or repressing it, into the unconscious part of the mind. eg. hysterical amnesia: victim has performed or witnessed some disturbing act and then completely forgotten t |
| Projection | form of defense in which unwanted feelings are displaced onto another person, where they then appear as a threat from the external world. e.g. when an individual, threatened by his own angry feelings, accuses another of harbouring hostile thoughts. |
| Regression | return to earlier stages of development and abandoned forms of gratification belonging to them, prompted by dangers or conflicts arising at one of the later stages. e.g. wife might retreat to the security of her parents’ home after her first quarrel with |
| Sublimination | diversion/deflection of instinctual drives into noninstinctual channels. Psychoanalytic theory holds that the energy invested in sexual impulses can be shifted to the pursuit of more acceptable and even socially valuable achievements |
| Denial | conscious refusal to perceive that painful facts exist. In denying latent feelings of homosexuality or hostility, or mental defects in one’s child, an individual can escape intolerable thoughts, feelings, or events. |
| Rationalization | he substitution of a safe and reasonable explanation for the true (but threatening) cause of behaviour. |
| Reaction Formation | fixation in consciousness of an idea, affect, or desire that is opposite to a feared unconscious impulse. eg. overprotectiveness of mother to child |
| Displacement | unconscious defense mechanism whereby the mind substitutes either a new aim or a new object for goals felt in their original form to be dangerous or unacceptable |
| Where was Freud just dead wrong? | The unconscious as defined by freud is very different from today's concept of unconscious. It's not all about sex and psychosexual stages don't exist. Almost all forms of mental disorders have been linked to childhood experiences. |
| What can we essentially take from Freud? | People often have conflicting motives and desires. Childhood experiences contribute to the development of adult personality/social behavior. Social development has an impact on psychological/ personality development. Humas have partly unconscious minds |
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