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Anxiety/MoodDisorder
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are anxiety disorders? | Involves an intense experience of anxiety and a series of efforts to deal with it |
| What are the four major categories of anxiety disorders? | Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder |
| What is the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder? | Found in 5.7% of the population at one time in their life. Found more in women, people with lower income, and marital issues |
| What are symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder? | Involves a pervasive and free floating anxiety. Affected people also often feel continuously tense and jittery and usually suffer from sleeplessness |
| What is the treatment and diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder? | Symptoms must be present for at least 6 months. Antidepressant medication and relaxation training have been shown to be effective treatments |
| What is the prevalence of Panic Disorder | 4.7% of the population are diagnosed with this disorder at some time in their life. This is a highly heritable disorder |
| What are the symptoms of panic disorder? | Panic attacks and repeated incidences lead to fear of panic attack and thus a panic disorder and associated phobias |
| What are Panic Attacks? | Minutes-long episodes of intense fear that soothing awful is going to happen. Attacks feature a variety of symptoms that include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, choking sensations, trembling, etc. |
| What is the diagnosis and treatment of panic disorder? | Person must experience multiple panic attacks within a short period of time, antidepressants and behavior therapy are common treatments |
| What is the prevalence or cause of phobias? | Most prevalent anxiety disorder. There is evidence for a genetic link in the predisposition for developing phobias, but usually specific experiences must occur to cause the onset of phobias |
| What is the diagnosis of Phobias? | Fears are diagnosed as phobias when the anxiety or irrational fear of a particular object or situation are extreme enough to interfere with everyday living |
| What are treatments to phobias? | Behavioral therapy that have been shown to ameliorate phobias and pharmacological therapy for phobias include tranquilizers and antidepressant drugs |
| What are the 3 major categories of phobias? | Social phobia or Social Anxiety Disorder, Agraphobia, and Specific Phobia |
| What is the prevalence of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder? | Found in 1.6% of the population during lifetime. Found in average, hard working perfectionists, some evidence for genetic contribution especially in patients that develop it before 18 years |
| What are the symptoms of OCD? | Involves repetitive, irresistible acts (compulsions) performed to alleviate an ongoing anxious thoughts (obsessions. Obsessions and compulsions vary, with different classifications for different symptoms |
| Diagnosis and Treatment of OCD | Often mistaken for Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder. Most individual improve with or without treatment over time. Also through exposure therapy. |
| What is exposure therapy? | Presenting the person with a situation which facilitates the obsessions and prevent them from performing the compulsions to demonstrate that nothing catastrophic will occur |
| What are Mood Disorders? | Involve long-term problems with basic emotions |
| What types of mood disorders that exist? | Depression, seasonal affective disorder, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), and bipolar disorder |
| Prevalence of Depression | 16l6% of population will/can be diagnosed in their lifetime |
| Symptoms of Depression | Primarily linked to negative mood and lethargic behavior. Can involve little interest in pursuing anything and little pleasure derived from any activity. Often involves feelings of powerlessness, guilt, and worthlessness. Can be linked to suicidual ideati |
| Causes of Depression | Family linked, linked to atypical neurotransmitter levels, life events contribute to the emergence of depression, women are diagnosed with depression about twice as much |
| Treatments for Depression | regular sleep & exercise for mild to moderate depression. Drug interventions, psychotherapies |
| What is Seasonal Affective Disorder? Symptoms and treatment? | Symptoms are similar to those of depression but to a milder extent. Associated with the change of seasons. Light therapy is a popular treatment for this disorder |
| What is Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)? Symptoms? | Symptoms are similar to those of depression, but they are less sever, and they last much longer than depression. Not considered traumatic at any given time, but can be very debilitating through its long term effects |
| What is Bipolar Disorder AKA Manic-Depressive Disorder? | Involves a person alternating between depressive symptoms, normal mood, and manic symptoms |
| Manic Symptoms | Being constantly active, very uninhibited, overly excited, and/or irritable at any given time |
| What are the two forms of bipolar disorder? | Bipolar Type I (at least one manic episode) and Type II (hypomania) |
| Treatments for Bipolar disorder? | treatments come in pairs, antidepressants for the depressive phases and mood stabilizers (lithium and anticonvulsants) for the manic phases |
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