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#lpeleap Chapter 3

Biological Basis of Behavior

TermDefinition
Amygdala two lima bean-sized neutral clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotions.
Aphasia impairment of language, usually caused by the left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (speaking), or to Wernicke's area (understanding).
Association Areas areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in promary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are inviked un higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.
Behavioral Genetics the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
Biological psychology branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior.
Broca's area controls language expression- an area, usually in the left frontal love, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
Cerebellum the "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.
Cerebral cortex intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
Chromosomes threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.
Cognitive neuroscienece scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on neural substrates of mental processes.
Computed tomography combines a series of X-ray views taken from many different angles and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the bones and soft tissues inside your body.
Dual processing a dual process theory provides an account of how a phenomenon can occur in two different ways, or as a result of two different processes.
EEG is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp.
Endorphins any of a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions.
fMRI Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow.
Interneurons neurons inside your spine that sends signals to and from the brain.
Lesion a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, tumor, etc.
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within your body.
Molecular genetics is the field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
Motor cortex part of the cerebral cortex in the brain where the nerve impulses originate that initiate voluntary muscular activity.
Natural selection the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Neurogenesis growth and development of nervous tissue.
PET A positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that can help reveal how your tissues and organs are functioning.
Reticular formation a diffuse network of nerve pathways in the brainstem connecting the spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebellum, and mediating the overall level of consciousness.
Sensory cortex the region of the cerebral cortex concerned with receiving and interpreting sensory information from various parts of the body. The somatic sensory, auditory, visual, and olfactory regions of the cerebral cortex considered as a group.
Wernicke's area a region of the brain concerned with the comprehension of language, located in the cortex of the dominant temporal lobe.
Michael Gazzaniga is a major founder of the field of cognitive neuroscience. Like the earlier field of cognitive science, which borrowed much from behaviorism, cognitive neuroscience has a strong deterministic flavor.
Roger Sperry was a psychobiologist (neuropsychologist and neurobiologist) who won the Nobel Prize for his split-brain research done with, among others, his student Michael Gazzaniga.
Karl Wernicke German neurologist best known for his studies of aphasia (1848-1905)
Created by: lpeleap
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