Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
FINAL EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A fundamental personality trait in the study of psychology characterized by anxiety, worry, envy, and jealousy | Neuroticism |
| Individuals having this personality trait are often self-conscious and shy, and they may have trouble controlling urges and delaying gratification | Neuroticism |
| The act, state, or habit of being predominantly concerned with obtaining gratification from what is outside the self | Extraversion |
| Inviduals having this personality trait tend to enjoy human interactions and to be enthusiastic, talkative, assertive, and gregarious | Extraversion |
| Involves six facets, or dimensions, including active imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness to inner feelings, preference for variety, and intellectual curiosity | Openness |
| The personality trait that is defined as being thorough, careful, or vigilant; it implies a desire to do a task well | Conscientiousness |
| Exhibit a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; they display planned rather than spontaneous behavior; and they are generally organized and dependable | Conscientiousness |
| Shari is a rather anxious person. Since she is so insecure, she frequently seeks out the reassurance of others. On which of the Big Five characteristics would Shari likely score high? | Neuroticism |
| A defensive process (defense mechanism) in which emotions and impulses which are anxiety-producing or perceived to be unacceptable are mastered by exaggeration (hypertrophy) of the directly opposing tendency | Reaction Formation |
| A girl’s psycho-sexual competition with her mother for possession of her father. | Electra Complex |
| A mental state in which an organism forced to endure stimuli that are unpleasant, becomes unable or unwilling to avoid subsequent encounters with those stimuli presumably because it has learned that it cannot control the situation. | Learned Helplessness |
| A lack of self-worth, a doubt and uncertainty, and feelings of not measuring up to society's standards. | Inferiority Complex |
| After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates | Learned Helplessness |
| The scientific study of changes that occur in human beings over the course of their life. | Developmental |
| This theory looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual development. This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live. | Social-Cultural |
| This theory is concerned primarily with the relationship between psychological processes and the underlying physiological events the mind-body phenomenon. | Biological |
| Of, affecting, or arising in the mind; related to the mental and emotional state of a person. | Psychological |
| Which of the following is NOT one of psychology’s three main levels of analysis? | Developmental |
| You decide to set up a dating service based on the Big Five principles of personality. You measure people for their personality types. Which of the following personality types would you think would be the best match? | Open and Open |
| Naturalistic observations are conducted in order to: | Describe Behavior |
| The most common value among a group | Mode |
| Refers to one measure of the central tendency either of a probability distribution or of the random variable characterized by that distribution | Mean |
| The numerical value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half. | Median |
| Shows how much variation or dispersion from the average exists | Standard Deviation |
| Researchers have found that when asked to rate themselves on socially desirable dimensions such as how ethical they are or how hard they work, most people rate themselves as: | Above Average |
| Of the forty girls and boys in a study, half are exposed to helpful models while the other half watch the same models not engaged in helping behavior. In this experiment, the dependent variable is: | Helping Behavior |
| The variable studied and expected | Dependent Variable |
| The variable is altered | Independent Variable |
| John B. Watson is most likely to say: | “Science must be rooted in observation of behavior, rather than introspective processes.” |
| An approach to psychology that combines elements of philosophy, methodology, and theory. | Behaviorism |
| Dr. Frye conducts research investigations on memory, with the intent of contributing to what is known about human memory processes. Dr. Frye conducts: | Basic Research |
| Form of systematic inquiry involving the practical application of science. | Applied Science |
| A systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena without specific applications or products in mind. | Basic Research |
| The medical specialty devoted to the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders, among which are effective, behavioral, cognitive and perceptual abnormalities. | Psychiatry |
| Performs a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional reactions. Considered part of the limbic system | Amygdala |
| A region of the brain in the parietal lobe, that lies near the superior edge of the temporal lobe, it is involved in a number of processes related to language, number processing and spatial cognition, memory retrieval, attention, and theory of mind. | Angular Gyrus |
| A region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some cognitive functions such as attention and language, and in regulating fear and pleasure responses | Cerebellum |
| A wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex in the eutherian brain at the longitudinal fissure. It connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitates inter-hemispheric communication. | Corpus Callosum |
| After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. It is most probable that she has suffered damage to her: | Cerebellum |
| Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history? | Brainstem |
| One of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. Located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere and positioned anterior to (in front of) the parietal lobe and superior and anterior to the temporal lobes. | Frontal Lobes |
| A complex set of brain structures that lies on both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum | Limbic Systems |
| Is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. | Brainstem |
| Records electrical activity along the scalp. Measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain. | EEG |
| A medical imaging technique used in radiology to investigate the anatomy and function of the body in both health and disease. Uses strong magnetic fields and radiowaves to form images of the body. | MRI |
| Records of the electrical activity of the heart. | EKG |
| A nuclear medicine, functional imaging technique that produces a three-dimensional image of functional processes in the body. | PET |
| Which technique is most useful for seeing which regions of the brain are most active while a person reads a poem? | PET |
| A portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of this part is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis) | Hypothalamus |
| a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. | Hippocampus |
| If Dr. Barnes wanted to cause a cat to take on an attack posture, which of the cat’s brain structures should he electrically stimulate? | Amygdala |
| A chronic neurological disorder caused by the brain's inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles normally | Narcolepsy |
| The group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs | Withdrawal |
| The lengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep which occurs after periods of sleep deprivation. | REM Rebound |
| A wide array of experiences from mild detachment from immediate surroundings to more severe detachment from physical and emotional experience | Dissociation |
| The experience of insomnia following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates: | Withdrawal |
| Which of the following is NOT classified as a stimulant? | Heroin |
| An opioid analgesic originally synthesized by C.R. Alder Wright in 1874 by adding two acetyl groups to the molecule morphine, which is found naturally in the opium poppy | Heroin |
| Can induce euphoria, a sense of intimacy with others, diminished anxiety, and mild psychedelia. | Ecstasy |
| A stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and a nonspecific voltage gated sodium channel blocker, which in turn causes it to produce anesthesia at low doses. | Cocaine |
| A neurotoxin and potent psycho-stimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. | Methamphetamine |
| Another name for MDMA | Ecstasy |
| Any psychoactive chemical that resembles morphine or other opiates in its pharmacological effects. | Opiods |
| A psychoactive drug whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties | Benzodiazepines |
| A class of psychiatric medication primarily used to manage psychosis, in particular in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders | Antipsychotics |
| A class of compounds typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders. | SSRI's |
| What class of drugs became the most commonly prescribed anti-anxiety medications after the public learned of the dangers of barbiturates? | Benzodiazepines |
| Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children. | Personality Traits |
| The expectations that men initiate dates and that women select wedding gifts best illustrate aspects of: | Gender Roles |
| An enduring personal quality that inclines people to feel romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender. | Sexual Orientation |
| A person's private sense, and subjective experience, of their own gender | Gender Identity |
| The field of study that examines the role of genetics in animal (including human) behaviour | Behavior Genetics |
| The social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for either a man or a woman in a social or interpersonal relationship. | Gender Roles |
| You and the President share __________ of your DNA. | Nearly All |
| If a culture emphasizes personal goals and individual achievements, it is mostly likely a(n) ________ culture. | Individualist |
| Describes relationships in which members of the group are mutually dependent on the others | Interdependent |
| The moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual | Individualist |
| Any philosophic, political, religious, economic, or social outlook that emphasizes the interdependence of every human. | Collectivist |
| The idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the world | Naturalist |
| The relative importance of an individual's innate qualities as compared to an individual's personal experiences in causing individual differences in physical and behavioral traits. | Nature vs. Nuture |
| Sugar and spice and everything nice, that’s what little girls are made of. . .This saying reflects perspectives about human beings. Which of the following perspectives does this saying reflect? | Nature |
| You are what you eat. This saying reflects perspectives about human beings. Which of the following perspectives does this saying reflect? | Nuture |
| If weight were 50 percent heritable, it would be most accurate to say that: | Nature explains about half of the observed variance in body weight. |
| This law states that ÂÂresponses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again in that situation. | Law of Effect |
| A phenomenon of learning and memory which was first seen in classical (Pavlovian) conditioning and refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a delay | Spontaneous Recovery |
| Refers to the behavior consistently elicited by a reflexive or classically conditioned stimulus. | Respondent Behavior |
| The process by which an association between two stimuli or a behavior and a stimulus is learned. | Associative Learning |
| Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates: | Associative Learning |
| A stimulus that does not require pairing to function as a reinforcer and most likely has obtained this function through the evolution and its role in species' survival. | Primary Reinforcer |
| One that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response. | Unconditional Stimulus |
| Occurs right after a behavior. | Immediate Reinforcer |
| A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response. | Conditioned Stimulus |
| Ivan Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n): | Conditioned Stimulus |
| Conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) ________ comes after a(n) _____. | CS (Conditioned Stimulus) US (Unconditioned Stimulus) |
| Refers to a situation in which a stimulus reinforces a behavior after it has been associated with a primary reinforcer | Secondary Reinforcer |
| A response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus. | Negative Reinforcer |
| A type of learning in which an individual's behavior is modified by its antecedents and consequences. | Operant Behavior |
| Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The electric shock is a(n): | Unconditioned Stimulus |
| Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had been in the sun too long. Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful. The sight of a tuna sandwich causes Brian to feel nauseated. In this scenario, what is the conditioned response (CR)? | Tuna |
| A schedule of reinforcement where the first response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed. | Fixed Interval |
| A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses. | Fixed Ratio |
| A schedule of reinforcement where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable amount of time has passed. | Variable Interval |
| A schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. | Variable Ratio |
| Luke gets paid a fixed sum after every four pianos he tunes. He is on a _________ schedule of reinforcement. | Fixed Ratio |
| Extinction occurs ___________ in classical conditioning and ___________ in operant conditioning. | when the CS is presented alone repeatedly when reinforcement stops |
| The tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned. | Generalization |
| The ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus. | Discrimination |
| The gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing. | Extinction |
| First stages of learning when a response is established | Acquisition |
| After getting ill from eating her friend’s Thanksgiving turkey, Natalia couldn’t stand the the sight or smell of turkey. However, when her friend baked a whole chicken, Natalia thought it sounded good. This illustrates: | Discrimination |
| The law of effect relates most closely to: | Operant Conditioning |
| A general process in which persons serve as models for others, exhibiting the behavior to be imitated by the others[1][2] This process is most commonly discussed with respect to children in developmental psychology. | Modeling |
| A form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response; it occurs without any obvious reinforcement of the behavior or associations that are learned. | Latent Learning |
| In developing the first intelligence test, Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon developed a measure of a child’s: | Mental Age |
| Emotions are often reflected in our facial expressions. Which of the following has been demonstrated about the universality of facial expressions? | In almost all cultures, people use similar facial expressions to indicate similar emotions. |
| Of the ‘big five’ personality factors, _____ is a measure of how carefully manage your affairs, while ____ measures how well you manage relationships with others. | Conscientiousness Agreeableness |
| A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm and considerate. | Agreeableness |
| One item on a personality inventory asks “Would you rather attend a party, or spend an evening at home with a few close friends?” Which of the ‘big five’ factors is this question assessing? | Extraversion |
| Another item on the test asks “would you rather go on a spontaneous road trip, or make a detailed vacation plan before embarking? This question is measuring…. | Conscientiousness |
| The hippocampus is located in the.. | Medial Temporal lobe |
| The precise mapping of the motor and somatosensory cortices best illustrates: | Localization of function |
Created by:
100000997673389
Popular Psychology sets