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Chapter 13 Treatment of Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active listening | emphathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates & clarifies |
| Active listening is a component of | Carl Rogers' client centered therapy |
| Antipsychotic Drugs | used to treat schizophrenia & other forms of sever though disorder |
| Aversive Conditioning | a type of counter-conditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior. (ex. nausea with alcohol) |
| Behavior therapy | applies general learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors |
| Biomedical therapy | prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system |
| Client-centered therapy was created by | Carl Rogers |
| Client-centered therapy was a | humanistic therapy |
| Client-centered therapy | therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. |
| client-centered therapy was also called | person-centered therapy |
| cognitive therapy | teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking & acting based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events & our emotional reactions |
| Cognitive-behavioral therapy | integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy |
| behavior therapy changes | behavior |
| cognitive therapy changes | self-defeating thinking |
| Counter-conditioning is a | behavior therapy procedure |
| counterconditioning | uses classical conditioning to evoke mew responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors |
| counter-conditioning includes | exposure therapies & aversive conditioning |
| Eclectic Approach | approach to psychotherapy uses techniques from various forms of therapy depending on client's problems |
| Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a | biomedical therapy |
| (ECT) is used on | depressed paitiens |
| ECT | a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient |
| Evidence-based practice | clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise & patient characteristics & preferences |
| Anti-anxiety drugs | drugs used to control anxiety & agitation |
| Exposure therapy is a | behavioral technique like systematic desensitization |
| Anti-depressant drugs | drugs used to treat depression; also prescribed for anxiety. |
| Different types of anti-depressant drugs work by | altering the availability of various neurotransmitters. |
| Exposure therapies | treat anxieties by exposing people by imagination or in actuality to the things they fear & avoid |
| Family therapy | treats family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at other family members |
| Insight therapies aim to | improve psychological functioning by increasing client's awareness of underlying motives & defenses |
| Insight therapies are | variety of therapies |
| Lobotomy | procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the brain |
| Lobotomy was performed to | calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. (Now a rare psychosurgical procedure) |
| Meta-analysis | a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud' theory of personality & therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts & actions to unconscious motives & conflicts |
| Freud believed that patient's free associations, resistances, dreams & transference & the interpetations of them | released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight |
| Psychodynamic Therapy deriving from | psychoanalytic tradition |
| Psychodynamic Therapy | views individuals as responding to unconscious forces & childhood experiences & seeks to enhance self insight |
| Psychopharmacology | study of the effects of drugs on mind & behavior |
| Psychosurgery | surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior |
| Psychotherapy | interactions between a trained therapist & someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth |
| Regression towards the mean | the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward their average |
| fall back | regress |
| resilience | personal strength that helps most people cope with stress & recover from adversity & even trauma |
| rTMS stands for | repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation |
| rTMS | application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain |
| rTMS used to | stimulate or suppress brain activity |
| Systematic desensitization | exposure therapy- associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. |
| Systematic desensitization is commonly used to treat | phobias |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | involuntary movement of the facial muscles, tongue & limbs |
| Tardive Dyskinesia may be a | neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of anti-psychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors |
| Token economy | operant conditioning procedure- people earn a token of some sort fro exhibiting a desired behavior & can later exchange the toke for various privileges of treats |
| transference | psychoanalysis- patient's transfer to the analysis emotions linked with other relationships. (ex. love/hatred for a parent) |
| Unconditional positive regard was introduced by | Carl Rogers |
| unconditional positive regard | caring, accepting, non-judgemental attitude- believed to help clients develop self-awareness & self-acceptance |
| Virtual reality exposure therapy is a | anxiety treatment |
| Virtual reality exposure therapy | progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears (ex. airplane fly, spiders, public speaking.) |
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