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Chapter 11 Testing & Individual Differences
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Achievement Tests | tests designed to asses what a person has learned |
| Aptitude tests | tests designed to predict a person's future performance |
| aptitidue | the capacity to learn |
| content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest |
| down syndrome | a condition of intellectual disability & associated physical disorders. |
| down sydrome is caused by an | extra chromosome |
| emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, manage & use emotions |
| factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of realated items on a test |
| factor analysis is used to identify | different dimensions fo performance that underlie a person's total score |
| general intelligence | underlies specific mental abilities & is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test |
| general intelligence was defined by | Spearman & others |
| intellectual disability | a condition of limited mental ability |
| intellectual disability is indicated by | an intelligence score of 70 or below & difficulty adapting to the demands of life |
| intellectual disabilities used to be referred to as | mental retardation |
| intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems & use knowledge to adapt to new situations |
| Intelligence Quotient represented as | IQ |
| Intelligence Quotient originally defined | as ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100 |
| intelligence quotient on contemporary intelligence tests | the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100 |
| intelligence test | a method for assessing individual's mental aptitudes & comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores |
| mental age | a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet |
| mental age | the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance |
| Normal curve | a symmetrical, bell shaped curve that describes the disribution of many types of data; most scores fall towards the mean & fewer & fewer near the extremes |
| in a normal curve | 68 percent fall within one standard deviation |
| predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict |
| Predicitive valididity is assesed by | computing the correlation between test scores & criterion behavior |
| predictive vaidity is also called | criterion-related valididity |
| reliabiity | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting |
| savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exception specific skill (computation/drawing etc.) |
| Standardization | defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. |
| Stanford-Binet | Widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test. |
| Stanford-Binet revision was done by | Terman at Stanford University |
| Stereotype threat | a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative sterotype |
| Validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to |
| WAIS stands for | Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale |
| WAIS | is most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal & performance (nonverbal) subtests |
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