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Adv. Mod. Unit 4
Ultrasound, Rad. Therapy, NM, MRI, DXA,
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If there is an ultrasound of an abdomen, what would be its frequency? | 5-7 MHz |
| For intraluminal studies, is the frequency increased or decreased? What about its resolution? | the frequency is higher (17MHz); since the frequency is increased the resolution is increased as well |
| What is a pulsed system in ultrasound? | When the transducer sends out a short burst of ultrasound energy and is followed by a silent period as it listens for the returning echo. |
| What is the term for structures that don't produce an echo? | anechoic |
| What is the term for structures that overproduce echoes? | hyperechoic |
| How are cystic masses differentiated from solid masses? | cystic masses are anechoic, they don't produce echoes |
| What is the gold standard for ultrasound? | pancreas, liver, gallbladder, uterus and blood vessels |
| To reduce the amount of bowel gas present, what must the patient do? | fast before the exam at least 6-8 hrs. NPO |
| What are the 3 types of ultrasound? | 1) medical (general) 2) vascular 3) cardiac |
| When ultrasounding an eyelid, what kind of transducer is used? (high or low frequency) | high frequency- because it uses the least penetration |
| What exam measures bone mineral content (BMC) & bone mineral density (BMD) of specific skeletal sites of the whole body? | bone densitometry |
| What is the goal in radiation therapy? | to deliver radiation as precisely as possible to the tumor while limiting the dose to normal tissue |
| T/F: Radiation Oncology is the same thing as radiation therapy? | true |
| T/F: the length of time and total dose of radiation depends on the type of cancer & the purpose of the treatment in radiation therapy. | true |
| What is the difference between brachytherapy & external beam therapy? | *brachytherapy is short distance; insertion of low-intensity radioactive nuclides inside the body in close proximity to tumor; superficial cancers *external beam therapy is long distance; when the patient lies underneath a machine that emits radiation |
| Most radiation therapy dept. use what as their main treatment unit? | linear accelerators (linacs) |
| Linear accelerators are examples of what kind of radiation treatment? | external beam therapy |
| What kind of energy beam (low or high) are used for superficial treatments? | low energy beams |
| What person of the radiation team administers treatments and maintains records? | radiation therapist |
| Is there good or poor transmission of sound waves in ultrasound in solids/liquids? | good |
| When ultrasounding through gas, is there good or poor transmission of sound waves? | poor |
| What modality uses high frequency sound waves to produce images of organs and structures in the body? | ultrasound |
| When using external beam therapy, which unit contains collimators? | cyberknife |
| Which unit in external beam therapy is used to treat deep tumors within the brain? | gamma knife |
| T/F: What a pt. goes through radiation therapy treatment, the pt. must be in the same position for each treatment. | true |
| What device in ultrasound converts electrical energy into ultrasound energy? | transducer |
| T/F: the transducer only acts as a transmitter. | false; it act as a transmitter and a receiver |
| Why are gels applied to the skin or face of the transducer during an ultrasound? | they prevent signal loss |
| If a transducer has a frequency of 3.5MHz, would the resolution be high or low? | low |
| If a transducer has a frequency of 3.5MHz, would the penetration be higher or lower? | higher |
| If a transducer has a high resolution what is the relationship for its penetration? | higher resolution, lower penetration |
| Clinical indications for bone densitometry include all of the following except: A. estrogen deficiency in women B. hyperparathyroidism C. vertebral abnormalities D. Polycystic kidney disease | D |
| T/F: the loss of magnesium & phosphorus from the bony cortex is the primary cause of osteoporosis. | false; loss of calcium and collagen |
| T-score is defined as what? | compares the patient with an average young, healthy person of the same sex with peak bone mass |
| T/F: obesity so a contraindication for osteoporosis. | False |
| What cells remove bone and cause bone absorption? | Osteoclasts |
| What cells are responsible for building or replacing bone? | Osteoblasts |
| What pathology is known to be a systemic skeletal disease? | Osteoporosis |
| What does DXA stand for? | Dual-energy xray absorptiometry |
| What does QCT stand for? | Quantitative computed tomography |
| What's the difference between DXA and QCT? | QCT evaluates both cortical and trabecular bone; DXA does not evaluate trabecular bone |
| What's the difference between BMC and BMD? | BMC (bone mineral count) measures the quantity or mass of bone in grams; BMD (bone mineral density) is the ratio of BMC to a projected area. |
| What are the two standards used to compare the patients bone density measurements with the average person of two different groups? | *T score *Z score |
Created by:
mokapis
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