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#mpappalardoap
Chapter 5 States of Consciousness
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Addiction | compulsive drug craving & use, despite consequences. |
| Alpha Waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. |
| Amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped up body function & associated energy & mood changes. |
| Barbituates | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory & judgement. |
| Circadian Rhythm | biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle. Include-wakefulness & temperature |
| Consciousness | our awareness of ourselves & our environment |
| Delta Waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
| Depressants | drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| Depressants include | alcohol, barbiturates & opiates |
| Dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thought & behaviors to occur simultaneously with others |
| Dream | a sequence of images, emotions & thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. |
| Dreams are noted for their | hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, incongruities & for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content & later difficulties remembering it. |
| Ecstasy (MDMA) | synthetic stimulant & mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria & social intimacy. |
| Ecstasy has | short term health risks & long-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons & to mood/cognition |
| Hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus |
| Halluncinogens | psychedelic "mind-manifesting drugs such as LSD, distort perception & evoke sensory image in the absence of sensory input. |
| Hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, pr behaviors will simultaneously occur. |
| Insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
| Latent content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream |
| LSD Lysergic Acid Diethylamide | a powerful hallucinogenic drug also known as acid |
| Manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story-line of a dream |
| Methamphetamine | powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped up body functions & associated energy/mood changes over time. Appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. |
| Narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may laps directly into REM sleep often at inopportune times. |
| Near-death experiences | an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinogens |
| Night Terrors | sleep disorder characterized by high arousal & an appearance of being terrified. Unlike nightmares night terrors occur druing stage 4 sleep within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep |
| Night terrors are seldom | remembered |
| NREM Sleep | non-rapid eye movement sleep |
| NREM Sleep encompasses all sleep stages except | REM Sleep |
| Opiates | opium & its derivatives, such as morphine & heroin |
| Opiates depress | neural activity, temporarily lessening pain & anxiety |
| Physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug |
| Physical dependence is marked by | unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. |
| Posthypnotic suggestion | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized |
| Posthypnotic Suggestion is used by some clinicians to help | control undesired symptoms & behaviors |
| Psychoactive Drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions & moods |
| REM Rebound | tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation |
| REM Rebound is created by | repeated awakenings during REM sleep |
| REM Sleep | rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.- Muscles are relaxed except for minor twitched & other body systems are active. |
| REM Sleep is also known as | Paradoxical |
| Sleep | periodic, natural loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia or hibernation. |
| Sleep Apnea | a sleep disorder- characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep & repeated momentary awakenenings |
| Stimulants | excite neural activity & speed up body functions |
| Stimulants include | -caffeine -nicotine -powerful amphetamines -cocaine -Ecstasy |
| THC | major active ingredient in marijuana |
| THC triggers | variety of effects & mild hallucinogens |
| Tolerance | diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the use to take larger & larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect |
| Withdrawl | the discomfort & distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. |
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