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Intro to Matter
Basic Matter Concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| physical property of matter | can be observed without changing the identity of the matter |
| chemical property of matter | substances ability to change into a new substance that has different properties |
| examples of physical properties | conductivity, state, malleability, ductility, solubility, density, color, shape, volume |
| examples of chemical properties | flammability, reactivity, can only be seen when chemical change is happening |
| physical change | a change of matter from one form to another, but the identity stays the same |
| chemical change | one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties; new matter |
| examples of physical change | freezing, cutting, bending, dissolving, and melting |
| examples of chemical change | burning wood, soured milk, effervescent tablets |
| signs of chemical changes | change in color or odor, production of heat, fizzing and foaming and sound or light being given off |
| SI unit to measure mass | gram (kilo- milli-) |
| SI unit to measure length | meter (kilo- centi- milli-) |
| SI unit to measure volume | liter (milli-) |
| Mass | the measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| weight | a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the location of the object in the universe |
| differences between mass and weight | 1. mass is constant in the universe 2. weight varies depending on its location in the universe 3. mass is measured using a balance 4. weight is measure using a scale 5. mass is expressed in grams 6. weight is expressed in newtons |
| volume | the amount of space taken up by an object |
| graduated cylinders | measure the volume of liquids |
| formula for measuring the volume of a regularly shaped solid object | volume = length x width x height |
| formula for measuring the volume of an irregularly shaped solid object | by measuring the volume of water the object displaces |
| measure the volume of an apple? | by submerging it into a container of water, and measuring the volume of water the applie displaces |
| density | m/v |
| solid | definite volume and shape; atoms are close together |
| liquid | definite volume, but NO definite shape; atoms slide past each other and move at medium speed |
| gas | NO definite volume and NO definite shape; atoms move very fast and are spread apart |
| change of state | change of a substance from one physical form to another |
| melting | change of state when a solid becomes a liquid (SL) |
| freezing | change of state when a liquid becomes a solid (LS) |
| evaporation | change of state when liquid becomes gas (LG) |
| condensation | change of state when gas becomes a liquid (GL) |
| sublimation | change of state when solid becomes gas (SG) |
| example of melting | energy added |
| example of freezing | energy removed |
| example of condensation | beads of water form on a cool surface |
| example of sublimation | dry ice |
| temperature of substance as it changes state | as substance changes state, its temperature remains constant until the change of state is complete |
| endothermic | energy is gained by substance as it changes state; example melting |
| exothermic | energy is removed from the substance as it changes state; example freezing |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substance by physical or chemical means |
| metal | element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well |
| nonmetal | element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
| metalloid | element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| compound | a pure substance made up of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined |
| mixture | a combination of 2 or more substances that are NOT chemically combined |
| solution | a type of mixture that appears to be a single substance |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element |
| electron | subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| proton | subatomic particle that has a positive charge; found in the nucleus |
| neutron | subatomic particle that has no charge; found in the nucleus |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| mass number | sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units |
| period | horizontal/row of elements |
| group or family | verticle/column of elements |
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