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Unit 9 science ecolo
Ecology unit 9 science emily
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ecology | The scientific study of how organisms interact with their environment and all the other organisms that live in that environment |
| Biosphere ( most complex), Biome, Ecosystem , community, Population( level in our classroom), Organism( simplest-most specific) | Environment can be organized into what six levels of hierarchy |
| Environment | Consists of all living and non living things with which organisms may interact ( abiotic-biotic) |
| Biosphere | It is life supporting portions of the earth composed of air, fresh water, salt water. Highest level of organization |
| Biome | Describes in very general terms the climate and types of plants that are found in similar places around the world. |
| Ecosystem | A particular environment and all living things that are supported by it. Includes living and no living parts. Can be small as a pond or as large as a dessert |
| Community | Is made up the living components of the ecosystem. A group of population that live in a particular area and interact with one another |
| Population | A group of the same type of living in the same area |
| Organism | A single individual animal, plant, fungus, or other living things |
| Through photosynthesis and chemical energy. The solar energy- sun provides most of the energy that is stored in food. | How does energy enter into the living parts of ecosystem? |
| Habitats | Place in which an organism lives, food, shelter, water, and everything else the species needs to survive. A physical place to live |
| Niche | Organisms roles to play in a habitat. It is not limited to its place in the food web. Like a plant is food but also shelter. |
| Producer | Is an organism that captures energy and stores it in food as chemical energy. Plants, photosynthesis bacteria |
| Herbivore | First order of consumer. Consumers. Eats only plants. Ex. Caterpillars, deer |
| Carnivore | Consumers eat only animals. Ex lions, spiders, snake |
| Omnivore | Consumers that eat both plants and animals. Ex raccoons, coyotes, most humans |
| Scavengers | Carnivores that feed on the bodies of dead organisms. Ex beetles, vultures, cat fish, ants |
| Consumers | Four types. Are organisms that get their energy by eating, or consuming other organisms. |
| Relationship between producers and consumers | Producers transform the suns energy into sugars. Consumers take in this stored energy when they set the producers. |
| Decomposer | Organisms that break down dead plant and animals matter into simpler compounds |
| Fungi and bacteria. ( mushrooms and mold) | What are the 2 major groups of deco posers |
| Detritivores | Eat dead matter like plant and animal remains ex worms and snails |
| Food web | Is a model of the feeding relationship between many different consumers and producers in an ecosystem It is overlapping and interconnected |
| Food Chain | Describes the feeding relationship between producer and a single chain of consumers in an ecosystem |
| Both show how organism receive their energy. How different organisms depend on each other. Food chain is a single chain of feeding relationships in an ecosystem. A food web show many different feeding relationships | Difference between a food chain and food web |
| From the animal being eaten to the animal that ate it. Grass--> Deer---->lion | What ways do the arrows point on a food web |
| Energy pyramid | A model that shows the amount of energy available at each feeding level of an ecosystem |
| Producers | Which layer contains the most energy the the Energy Pyramid? And why? |
| Tertiary consumers | Which layer contains the least energy in the energy pyramid? And why? |
| Producers capture the sunlight, consumer consume the energy of what they have eaten- only what is leftover from their use. | How is energy is transferred through out the energy pyramid |
| What is the 10% law? | The energy at one level of the food web is transferred to the next. The other 90% is used for the organisms life's processes. Because 90% lost each level. Not enough energy for many feeding levels |
| Producers1000 kg, primary herbivores 100 kg, second consumers 10 kg, top carnivores tertiary 1 kg | How do you calculate how many calories are transferred to each level? |
| At each level in the pyramid there is less available energy than the level before | Why is the level of energy change at each level of the pyramid? |
| Producer ( autotrophs) primary consumer ( herbivores) secondary consumer (omnivores/ small carnivores) tertiary consumer ( carnivores) | What are the levels of the energy pyramid |
| Hawk and snakes would die | Explain the mice, snake, and hawk relationship what happened if removed |
| Mice, snake, hawk because both snake and hawk eats mice and hawk eats snake | What is the order of consumers of snake, hawk, mice and why? |
| Competition, predation, symbiosis | What are the interaction of species |
| Parasite | Organism that feeds on other living organisms and weaken their host Ex tape worm, lice, ticks |
| Host | Organism in which another organism lives on is called |
| Predator | Is an animal that kills and eats other animals Hunts and eats another animal |
| Prey | Is an animal eaten by a predator. In food chain. An organism can be both |
| Predator eat and leave and parasites stay and consumer on the host parasite is usually smaller | What is the difference between predatation vs parasitism |
| Primary producers | Autotrophs Plants that capture the sunlight |
| Primary consumers | Herbivores , deer |
| Secondary consumers | Small carnivores, omnivores . Wolves , coyotes |
| Tertiary consumers | Large carnivores. Lions |
| Succession | Change in ecological communities over a long period of time |
| Primary succession and secondary succession | What two types of succession |
| Primary succession | Series of changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem was there before. Ex barren rock |
| Pioneer species | The first species to populate an area |
| Secondary succession | Series of changes that occur after a disturbance in a disturbance in an existing ecosystem. Ex fire, flood, abandon field |
| Bare rock, Lichens and Mosses, Grasses and Shrubs, softwood, Mixed Hardwood | 5 stages of succession |
| Bare rock | No soil, no available nutrients, no active life... Not a community |
| Lichens and Mosses | Pioneer species, first to colonize rocks, secrete acid onto rocks which liberates nutrients, catches wind blown dirt, can take 100 to 1000 years. Least diverse, least stable |
| Grasses and Shrub | Early succession plants, do not need deep roots. Like full sun. Shrubs that move in causes shade and kills them |
| Softwood | Mid-succession plant. Trees that need a lot of sunlight. Cedar or pine |
| Mixed Harwood | Mature forest. Saplings are shade tolerant. When adult tree dies leaves a whole in the canopy Sampling race to the top. Grow tall not wide. Most diverse less likely to erode |
| Symbiosis | Living together Close relationship between two organism lives near, on, or inside another organism |
| Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism | What are the three types of symbiosis? |
| Mutualism symbiosis (+,+) | An interaction between two species that benefits both. Ex bee and flowers. Bee need the food from nectar, but the help flowers by pollinating |
| Commensalism symbiosis (+,0) | Is a relationship between two species in which one species benefits while the other is not affected. Ex. Lichens on tree- light enough not to harm. Not always food but for protection. Jelly fish and fish |
| Parasitism symbiosis (+,0) | Is the relationship between two species in which one species benefits while the species it depends on ( host) is harmed. |
| Climax community | The final stable plant community. The community may reach a point of stability that can last for hundreds or thousand years |
| Primary no soil, cause lava flow, glacier movement pioneer species- need to move in via seeds or spores. Secondary there is soil, cause by fire, floods, change in land usage, pioneer species- survived in soil. | What is the difference between primary and secondary succession |
| Intraspecific competition | Occurs within the same species. ( two Creosote trees fighting for sun and water) |
| Interspecific competition | Occurs between members of different species. Strangler fig and a tree- can attach to host tree |
| Intraspecific occurs with same species and interspecific completion occurs among different species competing for same resources that are limited | What is the difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition |
| Predation (+,-) | Relationship that exists between a predator and it's prey. An interaction in which one organism kills and eats another |
| 1. Everything is connected to everything else. 2. Everything must go somewhere. 3. Nature knows best. 4 there is no such thing as a free lunch | What are the four ecological Rules |
| Fundamental niche and Realized niche | What are the two niche |
| Fundamental niche | All the resources opportunities an organism can occupy. Potential |
| Realized niche | The resources opportunities an organism DOES occupy. Actual |
| Tropic level or feeding level | What are each level of the food chain called |
| Heat of organism | At each level of a food chain, energy is lost mostly in the form of |
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