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ch.21 22 23
vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
agricultural revolution | the change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about 8000 b.c. |
civilization | an advanced culture |
monotheism | the belief in one god |
protectorates | an area that has its own government but is controlled by an outside power |
chaparral | a type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub |
poaching | Illegal hunting |
mosques | an Islamic place of religious worship |
muezzin | in Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five time each day from a minaret |
minaret | a tall, slender tower attached to a mosque |
desalination | the process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation |
nomads | a person who travels from place to place |
trade deficit | the situation in which a country imports more than it exports |
trade surplus | the situation in which a country imports more than it imports |
autonomy | independence,in northern Georgia |
genocide | the systematic killing or intentional destruction of a people |
nationalism | the desire of cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation, are strong in both groups |
chernozem | there are steppes where grasslands create a rich topsoil |
fundamentalism | a set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text, such as the Koran |
yurt | which are large, portable, round tents made of wooden frames covered with felt or skins |
desertification | the extension of the desert landscape through the activites of people and livestock as well as climatic changes |
mandate | referred to land to be governed by an outside power on behalf of the League of Nations until it was ready for independence |
zionist | after the hill in Jerusalem to which Jews has always prayed to return |
self-determination | or the right to decide their own political future |
drip irrigation | preserves precious water resources by letting precise amounts of water drip onto plants from pipes |
potash | which is used in explosives and fertilizer table salt, bromine, and other minerals from the dead sea |
Fertile Crescent | ran through this area, where farming and the first civilizations developed |
militia | or citizen army |
anarchy | or lawlessness |
embargo | or a severe restriction on trade with other countries, was imposed on Iraq by the UN |
infrastructure | comprises a country's basic support facilities, including its roads, schools, airports, seaports, and communication systems |
falaj system | Many farmers depend on an ancient system of underground and surface canals |
secular | or that it should be run without religious influence, and Islamic parties fought one another for power |
shah | or ruler |
ayatollah | Others, especially conservative religious leaders |