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Chapter 21, 22, 23
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural revolution | The change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about 8000b.c. |
| Civilization | An advanced culture |
| Monotheism | The belief in one god |
| Protectorate | An area that has its own government but is controlled by an outside power |
| Chaparral | A type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub |
| Poaching | Illegal hunting |
| Mosque | An Islamic place of religious worship |
| Muezzin | In Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from a minaret |
| minaret | A tall, slender tower attached to a mosque |
| Desalination plant | The process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation |
| Nomad | A person who travels from place to place |
| Trade deficit | The situation in which a country imports more than it exports |
| Trade surplus | The situation in which a country exports more than it imports |
| Autonomy | Independence |
| Genocide | The systematic killing or intentional destruction of a people |
| Nationalism | Pride in ones nation; the desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation |
| Chernozem | A rich topsoil found in the Russian steppes and other mid-latitude grasslands |
| Fundamentalism | A set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text |
| Yurt | A round tent made of a wooden framework and covered with felt of skins |
| Desertification | The transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention |
| Mandate | A commission from the League of Nations authorizing a nation to govern a territory |
| Zionist | A member of a movement know as Zionism, founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state |
| Self-determination | The right of a people to decide their own political future |
| Drip Irrigation | A process by which precisely controlled amounts of water drip directly onto plants from pipes, thus preserving precious water resourced in dry areas |
| Potash | A mineral used in explosives and fertilizers |
| Fertile Crescent | A region in the Middle East where farming and the first civilizations developed |
| Militia | A citizen army |
| Anarchy | Political disorder and violence; lawlessness |
| Embargo | A severe restriction of trade with other countries |
| Infrastructure | The basic support facilities of a community or country, such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools |
| Falaj System | In the Arabian Peninsula, and ancient system of underground and surface canals |
| Secular | Worldly, not relating to religion |
| Shah | The title of the former ruler of Iran |
| Ayatollah | A religious leader among Shiite Muslims |
Created by:
jenniferbarron
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