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Ethics Final
Rad Tech Freshmen MCC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rad Tech Scope of Practice | Techs may not administer drugs other than part of contrast administration |
| Prima Facie Duties | (W.D. Ross) ethical problems weighed against duties most obligated to perform; intuitive & conditional |
| 6 Prima Facie Duties | 1) Fidelity 2) gratitude 3) justice 4) beneficence 5) self-improvement 6) maleficience |
| Values | Personal idea about worth of a given idea or behavior |
| Utilitarianism | (Bentham/Mill) should act to produce the greatest ratio of good vs. evil for all concerned |
| Job Description | Maintain & use equipment & supplies necessary to demonstrate portions of the human body on x-ray film for diagnostic purposes |
| Morals | Distinguish between right & wrong; governed by conscience |
| Truthtelling | Disclosing all information regarding the realities of the x-ray exam only; don't elaborate or fabricate |
| Whistleblowing | Attempt to disclose or call attention to some perceived wrong within an organization |
| Internal whistleblowing | Going over your boss' head |
| External whistleblowing | Going to an agency or the media |
| Three questions to ask before whistleblowing | 1) how serious? 2) strength of evidence? 3) normal channels to resolve? |
| Paternalism | Person(s) in highest authority determine the rules for the "good" of the people |
| Habeas Corpus | "you have the body" protects individual freedom against arbitrary & lawless state action |
| Captain of the Ship | Person in charge responsible for all under their supervision |
| Respondeat Superior | "let the master answer" = employer is responsible for employee |
| Res ipsa loquitur | "let act/thing speak for itself" = obvious negligence |
| Confidentiality | trusted with secret or private information - must safeguard patient info |
| Patient Self-Determination Act | 1991, mandates that healthcare facilities receiving Medicare/Medicaid funding provide written info about patient rights to participate in medical decision making & formation of advance directives |
| ASRT | American Society of Radiologic Technologists |
| JCAHO | Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations |
| ARRT | American Registry of Radiologic Technologists |
| RSRT | Rochester Society of Radiologic Technologists (local level prof society; provides cont. ed.) |
| NYSSRS | NY State Society of Radiologic Sciences (state level prof society; provides cont. ed.) |
| NYSDOH | NY State Dept of Health |
| Middle States | Middle States Commission on Higher Education |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety & Health Administration |
| Purpose of regulatory agencies | To ensure quality/safety for general public by setting standards, principles, and educational/licensure requirements for health practitioners |
| Autonomy | Capacity for self-determination (make own decisions - informed consent) |
| Assault | Act that causes another person to fear they will be touched in a harmful way without consent or authorization; threats - verbal |
| Invasion of Privacy | Breach of confidentiality; improper covering or unnecessary exposure of patient's body |
| False Imprisonment | Confinement of a person (holding/restraining) against their will |
| Battery | Act of harmful or unwarranted contact without consent of person (touching; taking x-ray after patient said "no") |
| Negligence | Failure to fulfill expected standard of care |
| Tort | Civil action between two parties |
| Unintentional Tort | Negligence, malpractice |
| Intentional Tort | Assault, battery |
| Quasi-Intentional Tort | Slander, libel |
| Slander | False oral statements that damage a person's reputation (3rd person must hear & understand) |
| Libel | False written statements that damage a person's reputation (3rd person must read & understand) |
| Defamation of Character | Violation/invasion of person's good name, reputation or privacy |
| Rad Tech Scope of Practice | Techs may not administer drugs other than part of contrast administration |
| Prima Facie Duties | (W.D. Ross) ethical problems weighed against duties most obligated to perform; intuitive & conditional |
| 6 Prima Facie Duties | 1) Fidelity 2) gratitude 3) justice 4) beneficence 5) self-improvement 6) maleficience |
| Values | Personal idea about worth of a given idea or behavior |
| Utilitarianism | (Bentham/Mill) should act to produce the greatest ratio of good vs. evil for all concerned |
| Job Description | Maintain & use equipment & supplies necessary to demonstrate portions of the human body on x-ray film for diagnostic purposes |
| Morals | Distinguish between right & wrong; governed by conscience |
| Truthtelling | Disclosing all information regarding the realities of the x-ray exam only; don't elaborate or fabricate |
| Whistleblowing | Attempt to disclose or call attention to some perceived wrong within an organization |
| Internal whistleblowing | Going over your boss' head |
| External whistleblowing | Going to an agency or the media |
| Three questions to ask before whistleblowing | 1) how serious? 2) strength of evidence? 3) normal channels to resolve? |
| Paternalism | Person(s) in highest authority determine the rules for the "good" of the people |
| Habeas Corpus | "you have the body" protects individual freedom against arbitrary & lawless state action |
| Captain of the Ship | Person in charge responsible for all under their supervision |
| Respondeat Superior | "let the master answer" = employer is responsible for employee |
| Res ipsa loquitur | "let act/thing speak for itself" = obvious negligence |
| Confidentiality | trusted with secret or private information - must safeguard patient info |
| Patient Self-Determination Act | 1991, mandates that healthcare facilities receiving Medicare/Medicaid funding provide written info about patient rights to participate in medical decision making & formation of advance directives |
| ASRT | American Society of Radiologic Technologists |
| JCAHO | Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations |
| ARRT | American Registry of Radiologic Technologists |
| RSRT | Rochester Society of Radiologic Technologists (local level prof society; provides cont. ed.) |
| NYSSRS | NY State Society of Radiologic Sciences (state level prof society; provides cont. ed.) |
| NYSDOH | NY State Dept of Health |
| Middle States | Middle States Commission on Higher Education |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety & Health Administration |
| Purpose of regulatory agencies | To ensure quality/safety for general public by setting standards, principles, and educational/licensure requirements for health practitioners |
| Autonomy | Capacity for self-determination (make own decisions - informed consent) |
| Assault | Act that causes another person to fear they will be touched in a harmful way without consent or authorization; threats - verbal |
| Invasion of Privacy | Breach of confidentiality; improper covering or unnecessary exposure of patient's body |
| False Imprisonment | Confinement of a person (holding/restraining) against their will |
| Battery | Act of harmful or unwarranted contact without consent of person (touching; taking x-ray after patient said "no") |
| Negligence | Failure to fulfill expected standard of care |
| Tort | Civil action between two parties |
| Unintentional Tort | Negligence, malpractice |
| Intentional Tort | Assault, battery |
| Quasi-Intentional Tort | Slander, libel |
| Slander | False oral statements that damage a person's reputation (3rd person must hear & understand) |
| Libel | False written statements that damage a person's reputation (3rd person must read & understand) |
| Defamation of Character | Violation/invasion of person's good name, reputation or privacy |
| Kant | (1724-1804) German philosopher - advanced study of ethics - Deontoloty (duty) "treat others as ends & not means only" |
| Ross | (20th c.) Prima facie duties - "feeling within that action is right" |
| Kant | (1724-1804) German philosopher - advanced study of ethics - Deontoloty (duty) "treat others as ends & not means only" |
| Mill | (1806-1873) English philosopher - developed Utilitarianism "end justifies the means" |
| Bacon | (1561-1626) divided medicine into 1) preservation of health 2) cure of disease 3) prolongation of life (primary function) |
| Hippocrates | (460-375 BCE) "do no harm" oath written in 5th c. BCE re: physicians' duty to patient & health care workers |
| St. Thomas Aquinas | (13th c.) based ethics on religion - God given traits of reason & morals = objective truths = Natural Law Ethics |
| Legal markings/ID on images | Patient name, age and/or BD; Institution name; Med record/imaging file #; Date of procedure; Type of procedure; Initials of person performing procedure |
| Who reports child abuse | All medical professionals/personnel mandated in NY (report to supervisor/attending physician) |
| How long are records/images stored | Adults: 5-7 yrs; Minors: 1-7 yrs past age of majority (18-21) |
| Regulations re: patients viewing charts | Patient has right to view/copy own chart & can request amendment if they believe it to be inaccurate |
| Types of Consent | Implied (pt agrees verbally or by actions; emergencies); Informed (gives pt all info about procedure, primary duty of physician) |
| Incident reports | Whenever patient injured during exam - what happened, time, where, who present/witnessed, outcome & necessary actions. In case further treatment needed or litigation arises from incident; avoid recurrence. |
| Types of drug testing | Urinalysis most common |
| Mill | (1806-1873) English philosopher - developed Utilitarianism "end justifies the means" |
| Bacon | (1561-1626) divided medicine into 1) preservation of health 2) cure of disease 3) prolongation of life (primary function) |
| Hippocrates | (460-375 BCE) "do no harm" oath written in 5th c. BCE re: physicians' duty to patient & health care workers |
| Chemicals of choice for healthcare workers | 1) alcohol 2) cigarettes 3) pot 4) cocaine |
| Employer rights to test employees for chemicals | Right to inspect employer-owned property; "for cause" (reason for suspicion) - must have max support info; preemployment; random screenings |
| Sypmtoms of suspected drug use | Behavioral (absenteeism, forgetfulness, decreased performance, frequent mistakes); observable (hygeine, breath odor, increased accidents); physiological (tremors, slurred speech, red/watery eyes) |
| St. Thomas Aquinas | (13th c.) based ethics on religion - God given traits of reason & morals = objective truths = Natural Law Ethics |
| Legal markings/ID on images | Patient name, age and/or BD; Institution name; Med record/imaging file #; Date of procedure; Type of procedure; Initials of person performing procedure |
| Who reports child abuse | All medical professionals/personnel mandated in NY (report to supervisor/attending physician) |
| How long are records/images stored | Adults: 5-7 yrs; Minors: 1-7 yrs past age of majority (18-21) |
| Regulations re: patients viewing charts | Patient has right to view/copy own chart & can request amendment if they believe it to be inaccurate |
| Types of Consent | Implied (pt agrees verbally or by actions; emergencies); Informed (gives pt all info about procedure, primary duty of physician) |
| Incident reports | Whenever patient injured during exam - what happened, time, where, who present/witnessed, outcome & necessary actions. In case further treatment needed or litigation arises from incident; avoid recurrence. |
| Types of drug testing | Urinalysis most common |
| Chemicals of choice for healthcare workers | 1) alcohol 2) cigarettes 3) pot 4) cocaine |
| Employer rights to test employees for chemicals | Right to inspect employer-owned property; "for cause" (reason for suspicion) - must have max support info; preemployment; random screenings |
| Symptoms of suspected drug use | Behavioral (absenteeism, forgetfulness, decreased performance, frequent mistakes); observable (hygeine, breath odor, increased accidents); physiological (tremors, slurred speech, red/watery eyes) |
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