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Geography 93
Chapter 21, 22, 23 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Agricultural Revolution | The change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about 8000 B.C. |
Civilization | An advanced culture |
Monotheism | The belief in one God |
Protectorate | An area that has its own government but is controlled by an outside power |
Chapparal | A type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub |
Poaching | Illegal hunting |
Mosque | An Islamic place of religious worship |
Muezzin | In Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from a minaret |
Minaret | A tall, slender tower attached to a mosque |
Desalination | The process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation |
Nomad | A person who travels from place to place |
Trade Deficit | The situation in which a country imports more than it exports |
Trade Surplus | The situation in which a country exports more than it imports |
Autonomy | Independence |
Genocide | The systematic killing or international destruction of a people |
Nationalism | Pride in one's nation; the desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation |
Chernozem | A rich top-soil found in the Russian steppes and other mid-latitude grasslands |
Fundamentalism | A set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text |
Yurt | A round tent made of a wooden framework and covered with felt or skins |
Desertification | The transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention |
Mandate | A commission from the League of Nations authorizing a nation to govern a territory |
Zionist | A member of a movement known as Zionism, founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state |
Self-Determination | The right of a people to decide their own political future |
Drip Irrigation | A process by which precisely controlled amounts of water drip directly onto plants from pipes, thus preserving precious water resources in dry areas |
Potash | A mineral used in explosives and fertilizer |
Fertile Cresent | A region in the Middle East where farming and the first civilizations developed |
Militia | A citizen army |
Anarchy | Political disorder and violence; lawlessness |
Embargo | A severe restriction of trade with other countries |
Infrastructure | The basic support facilities of a community or country, such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools |
Falaj System | In the Arabian Peninsula, an ancient system of underground and surface canals |
Secular | Worldly, not relating to religion |
Shah | The title of the former ruler of Iran |
Ayatollah | A religious leader among Shiite Muslims |