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ch 21 22 23 vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
agricultural revolution | the change from nomadic hunting and gathering to farming that took place about 8000 bc |
civilization | an advcanced culture |
monotheism | the belief in one god |
protectorate | an area that has its own government but is controlled by an outside power |
chaparral | a type of natural vegetation that is adapted to Mediterranean climates; small evergreen trees and low bushes, or scrub |
poaching | illegal hunting |
mosque | an Islamic place of religious worship |
meuzzin | in Islam, a crier who calls the faithful to prayer five times each day from a minaret |
minaret | a tall, slender tower attached to a mosque |
desalination | the process of removing salt from seawater so that it can be used for drinking and irrigation |
nomad | a person who travels from place to place |
trade deficit | the situation in which a country imports more than it exports |
trade surplus | the situation in which a country exports more than it imports |
autonomy | independence |
genocide | the systematic killing or intentional destruction of people |
nationalism | pride in ones nation; the desire of a cultural group to rule themselves as a separate nation |
chernozem | a rich topsoil found in the Russian steppes and other mid latitude grasslands |
yurt | a round tent made of a wooden framework and covered with felt or skins |
fundamentalism | a set of religious beliefs based on a strict interpretation of a sacred text |
dessertification | the transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention |
mandate | a commission from the league of nations authorizing a nation to govern a territory |
zionist | a member of a movement know as Zionism founded to promote the establishment of an independent Jewish state |
self determination | the right of a people to decide their own political future |
drip irragation | a process by which precisely controlled amounts of water drip directly onto plants from pipes, thus precious water resources in dry areas |
potash | a mineral used in explosives and fertilizer |
fertile crescent | a region in the middle east where farming and the first civilizations developed |
militia | a citizen army |
anarchy | political disorder and violence; lawlessness |
embargo | a severe restriction of trade with other countries |
infrastructure | the basic support facilities of a community or country, such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools |
falaj system | in the Arabian peninsula an ancient system of underground and surface canals |
secular | worldly, not relating to religion |
shah | the title of the former ruler of iran |
ayatollah | a religious leader among Shiite muslims |