Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Osteoarthritis
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arthritis | Joint inflammation and is a chronic illness |
| characteristics of arthritis joints | 1. Bone ends to rub against each other. 2. Thinned cartilage. 3. Swollen inflamed synovial membrane. 4. Bone erosion. |
| Osteoarthritis | - Medically called as osteoarthroses or degenerative joint disease. - due to the breakdown of the cartilage. -causes pain, stiffness loss of movement and bones rub against each other. |
| Hyaline Cartilage | - Designed to bear and distribute loads. ( Low friction). - Low metabolic activity - no blood supply/nerve supply/ lymphatic drainage. |
| Causes of Osteoarthritis- 7 | 1. Heredity 2. Joint injury 3. Repeatedly overuse of certain joint. 4. Aging 5. Lack of physical activity 6. Overweight 7. Nerve injury. |
| Pathogenesis of OA - 4 mechanisms | 1. Metalloproteinase degrades cartilage components- collagen & proteoglycans 2. Inflammatory mediators (IL-1 & TNFa) will stimulate MMP & inhibit collagen production. 3. Deficiency of growth factors-IGF & TGF impairs matrix repair. 4. Genetic factor. |
| Symptoms-3 | 1. Feeling pain and stiffness- after inactivity / excessive use. 2. Grating/ "catching" sensation during joint movement. 3 Bony growth at the margins of affected joints. |
| Diagnosis of OA- 6 | 1. Medical History taking. 2. Examination. 3. Joint injury - X-ray 4. MRI 5. Joint Aspiration- fluid taken out. 6. Blood test. |
| Clinical feature- Joint affected -4 | 1. Hand interphalangeal joints. 2. Knees 3. Hips 4, Spine |
| Clinical feature- symtoms | Joint pain worsen with use and is alleiated with rest, stiffness, functional impairment. |
| clinical feature- signs | limp, deformity, alteration in joint shape, weakness, bony swelling, tenderness. |
| Investigation | 1. FBC and ESR normal. 2. Rheumatoid factor- negative 3. positive low-titre tests 4. x rays- narrowing of the joint space. - cyst formation -osteophytes 5. MRI- early cartilage changes. |
| Non pharmacology treatment | 1. exercise 2. weight loss 3. Electrotherapy 4. Braces and wedges of the shoes- reduce pain, assist function and prevent disease progression. |
| Paracetamol | - first line treatment -taken regularly to relieve pain |
| Topical NSAIDs | - consider to use before oral NSAID - can be considered as first line. |
| NSAIDs and COX 2 | - take if paracetamol and topical NSAIDs not effective. - take at lowest effective dose. - increase GI prob. - give PPI if Nsaids taken regularly |
| Intra-articular injection- corticosteroids | - shld not injected more than once every 3 months. Examples: 1. Dexamethasone 0.3-3mg 2. Hydrocortisone 5-50mg 3. PRednisolone 5-25mg |
| Glucosamine Sulphate - nutraceutical | - stimulate chondrocytes to produce proteoglycans. - may possibly inhibit cartilage catabolic enzymatic activity. |
Created by:
staffi
Popular Pharmacology sets