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PSY 401
Behaviorism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to Munsterberg, what would lead to one engaging in criminal activity? | Social Circumstances |
| Film was of particular interest to Munsterberg because of what? | It exploited the ways in which the human mind functions. |
| How do habits develop according to James? | From grooves that develop in nervous tissue |
| Who called for the establishment of a national retirement plan? | Hall |
| Munsterberg's approach to therapy would involve what? | A therapist directing the course of the session by asking for specific information from the patient. |
| Ivan Pavlov is known for what contributions to psychology? | Studied the salivary reflexes of dogs - interested in spontaneous salivation. Led to classical conditioning. |
| What is an anticipatory response? | Top down association influencing physiological state. |
| From Pavlov's research, what are the components of classical conditioning? | 1. Unconditional stimulus (food) 2. Unconditional response (salivation) 3. Conditional stimulus (tone) 4. Conditional response (salivation) |
| Describe the contributions of Edward Thorndike. | Read James' Principles of Psychology and attended Harvard. His original goals were directed towards interest in education & how people can effectively learn. Developed general learning principles in the context of animal learning. |
| Thorndike's Learning Principles | Learning is incremental, occurs automaticall, and applies to all mammals. |
| What is Thorndike's theory of connectionism? | Learning is the result of associations forming between stimuli and responses, or "trial and error learning". |
| Thorndike's Law of Exercise | Connections are strengthened with practice and weakened by disuse. |
| Thorndike's Law of Effect | Frequent reward will strengthen a connection and punishment will weaken a connection |
| At the 1929 International Congress of Psychology at Yale, Thorndike abandoned the law of exercise and adopted what theory in its place? | Truncated Law of Effect - satisfiers strengthen connections, but annoyers do not weaken connections. |
| What is Thorndike's "Babble Luck" | Theory of language acquisition. We babble until we randomly say a correct word. |
| What is behaviorism? | school of psychology which emphasizes the objective study of behavior. |
| To pavlov, conditioning was simply an extension to the study of what? | Reflexes |
| At the end of Thorndike's career, he identified what as being involved in learning? | Reward alone. |
| Munsterberg would likely have endorsed which of the following positions concerning polygraph devices? | Polygraphs cannot alone prove guilt or innocence |
| John Locke may have had somewhat of an influence on behaviorism in what way? | Locke thinks about the world as being through experience - mind is a blank slate & we build associations through experiences. Behaviorists likewise believe all that matters in predicting behaviors are the experiences one has. |
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cassidylm34
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