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Personality

AP Psych

TermDefinition
Personality The totality of qualities and traits, as of character or behavior, that are peculiar to a specific person.
Somatotype Personality theory associating body types with human temperament types. Sheldon proposed that the human physique be classified according to the relative contribution of three fundamental elements, somatotypes, named after the three germ layers of embryonic development
locus of control refers to the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them
temperaments refers to those aspects of an individual's personality, such as introversion or extroversion, that are often regarded as innate rather than learned
reciprocal determination a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment
Oedipus crisis denotes the emotions and ideas that the mind keeps in the unconscious, via dynamic repression, that concentrates upon a child's desire to sexually possess the parent of the opposite sex
Heritability the proportion of observable differences in a trait between individuals within a population that is due to genetic differences
Projective personality tests a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts
id it allows us to get our basic needs met. Freud believed that the id is based on our pleasure principle. In other words, the id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation
self report inventions a type of psychological test in which a person fills out a survey or questionnaire with or without the help of an investigator.
factor analysis a statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables called factors.
ego The ego understands that other people have needs and desires and that sometimes being impulsive or selfish can hurt us in the long run. Its the ego's job to meet the needs of the id, while taking into consideration the reality of the situation.
trait theorists an approach to the study of human personality. Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion
validity All tests are designed to measure something; hopefully something specific. If the test does indeed measure what it is intended to measure, then we can say that the test is valid (or has validity
super ego The Superego is the moral part of us and develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on us by our caregivers. Many equate the superego with the conscience as it dictates our belief of right and wrong.
big five personality tests personality tests to examine openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
reliability the overall consistency of a measure. A measure is said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions
defense mechanisms unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses
social cognitive peresonality theories portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences
unconditional positive regard basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does
personal construct theory t each individual's task in understanding their personal psychology is to put in order the facts of his or her own experience
self efficacy the extent or strength of one's belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals
Created by: bkim611
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