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55 terms AP Psych

55 terms not in our textbook that we still need to know for the AP Exam

TermDefinition
Hindsight bias thinking after an event has occurred that the event was more predictable than it actually was
illusory correlation perceiving a relationship between variables even when none exists
scatter plots a graph displaying data of two variables, an independent and a dependent variable
statistical significance the probability that an event is not due to just chance alone
personal space the space around a person which they claim as theirs; the closer a person allows someone else to come, the more intimate the relationship between these people
gender role social and behavioral roles that are deemed appropriate for men and women to take on
cognitive neuroscience study of how the psychological and cognitive functions are caused by the brain
inattentional blindness failing to recognize an unexpected stimulus that is within the line of sight; not attributed to a vision problem but instead an attention problem
night terrors a sever nightmare; a person quickly wakes up in a terrified state; a psychological disorder
REM rebound after sleep deprivation, a person will enter REM sleep much faster, will have increased frequency and depth of REM sleep
Near-death experience a personal experience of feeling dead, often accompanied by feeling weightless, seeing a white light, and detachment from one’s body
Primary sex characteristics any part of the body involved in reproduction
Secondary sex characteristics features that develop during sexual maturity and help distinguish between the sexes but are not part of the reproductive system
Cross-sectional study data collection from a population gathered at one specific point in time
Longitudinal study collects data from the same individuals over a long period of time
Place theory a theory regarding auditory perception that states that our perception of sounds depends on where in the basilar membrane each component frequency vibrates
Frequency theory the rate of the pulse traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency heard, we only experience the vibrations on the auditory nerve
Kinesthesis the ability to feel movements and positions of the limb and body
Vestibular sense located in the inner ear, the sense that helps us maintain balance and orientation
Phi phenomenon perceiving continuous movement seemingly created by rapidly changing images
Parapsychology field of psychology dealing with paranormal and psychic activity
Associative learning process by which an association is created between stimuli or a behavior and a stimulus
Higher order conditioning classical conditioning taken one step further
Cognitive map a mental layout of one’s environment created in your mind to ease cognitive processing
Imagery formation of mental images, visualizing something with your mind
Mood-congruent memory a memory process that retrieves memories that match one’s mood
Misinformation effect incorporating false information gathered after an event that your mind incorporates into its memory and believes to be true
Source amnesia retaining information, but not being able to recall information about how/who/what/when/where/why you learned it
Belief perseverance remaining steadfast in your beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence
Intuition the ability to understand something without the need for conscious reasoning of inference about the subject
Telegraphic speech speech during the two word stage of language acquisition, very compressed and telegram like
Aphasia disturbance in comprehension and production of language
Linguistic determinism language limits and determines human thought
Factor analysis used to determine which factors cause most of the variance in data from many possible variables
Emotional intelligence ability to identify, assess, and control emotions of oneself and others
Stereotype threat the threat that a person may confirm a negative stereotype about the group they belong to
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon you are more likely to do good when you are in a good mood
Relative deprivation being deprived of something the one feels they are entitled to have
Self-concept a collection of beliefs about oneself
Social cognitive perception how people form impressions of and make inferences about other people
Reciprocal determinism behavior is both influenced by and influences personal factors and the environment
External locus of control belief that events are beyond your control, fate or chance
Internal locus of control belief that events are within one’s control and are due to ability, effort, attitude
Spotlight effect overestimating the extent to which an audience is observing oneself when in a spotlight or other similar situation
Eclectic approach drawing from several different sources, theories, ideas
Meta-analysis a study of studies, comparing and contrasting different study results to see if common themes are present
Central route of persuasion focuses on using facts and arguments to persuade an audience
Peripheral route of persuasion using means other than facts and arguments to persuade, such as attire, sound of voice, fancy visual aids
Deindividualization the loss of a persons sense of individuality, losing of self awareness
Scapegoat theory groups that one does not like and is prejudiced against become scapegoats for this person to vent on
Just-world phenomenon belief that the world is just and that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Frustration-aggression principle aggression is the result of frustration
Mere exposure effect people develop a preference for things simply because they are familiar with them
Self-disclosure a person revealing themselves to another person, varies in breadth and depth of disclosure
Social-responsibility norm people have an obligation to benefit society, norm that people will help those dependent upon them
Created by: bleepatrick
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