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Matter
Holt Science Spectrum Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| element | The basic building block of all matter A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element |
| compound | a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into thos simpler substances. |
| molecule | the smallest unit of a substance that exhibits all of the properties characteristic of that substance. |
| chemical formula | the chemical symbols and numbers indicating he atoms contained in the basic unit of a substance Ex. NaCl--table salt, H2O--water |
| mixture | a combination of more than one pure substance |
| heterogeneous mixture | a type of mixture in which the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another. |
| homogeneous mixture | a type of mixture in which the substances are so evenly distributed that is is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another. |
| miscible liquid | When two or more liquids that form a single layer when mixed. Considered to be a homogeneous mixture. Example: water/isopropanol=rubbing alcohol solution. |
| immiscible liquid | When two or more liquids that do not mix into each other. Considered to be a heterogeneous mixture. Example: water and oil. |
| pure substance | Is any matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties. |
| volume | A measure of space, such as the capacity of a container. Measured in cubic units or mL |
| absolute zero | the temperature at which an object's energy is minimal. |
| gas | matter that has no definite volume or shape Movementof particles:very fast, Proximity:very far apart. |
| liquid | matter that has a definite shape and volume. Movement of particles: free to move, faster than a solid, Proximity: close together |
| solid | matter that has a definite shape and volume.Movement of particles: very little, slow, proximity: very tightly packed. |
| melting point | the temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid. |
| evaporation | the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas. Example water to boiling water to steam |
| condensation | the change of a substance from a gas to a liquid. Example:humidity to rain |
| boiling point | the temperature at which a substance boils. The temperature at which vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure. |
| freezing point | the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to a solid. |
| sublimation | the change of a substance from a solid to a gas. Example: Dry Ice (solid CO2) turning directly into a gas without becoming a liquid,or ice cubes left in the freezer for a long time that get smaller because they sublime. |
| physical change | the substances are not altered chemically but merely changed to another phase (ie gas, liquid, solid) or separated or combined. Example:Salt being dissolved in water. |
| chemical change | the substances are altered chemically and display different physical and chemical properties after the change. Example: Iron rusts in a damp environment, gasoline burns in the presence of oxygen. |
| reaction | process involving chemical formation or change. |
| density | the mass per unit volume of a substance. It compares the amount of matter to the space that is taken up by the matter. Formulas: Solve for density d=m/v or Solve for volume v=m/d or Solve for mass m=v(d) |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object. measured in grams. |
| air | takes up space and has weight. |
| Matter usually occurs in______________ | Mixtures, which can be separated. |
| The parts of mixtures are ______________. | substances |
| physical properties | properties of an element or compound that can be observed without a chemical reaction of the substance. A substance's color and density are examples of physical properties. |
| chemical properties | are properties of an element or a compound in chemical reactions. For example: vinegar reacting with baking soda, sodium reacting with water, wood being flammable. |
| physical or chemical property? Ammonia is a gas at room temperature. | physical property |
| physical or chemical property? Yeast acts on sugar to form carbon dioxide and ethanol. | chemical property |
| Examples of Matter | book, carbon dioxide, computer, salt, gold, |
| Examples that are not matter | love, time, light, sound, ideas, religion |
| examples of pure substances | gold AU, iron Fe, copper Cu, |
| examples of heterogeneous mixtures | salad dressing, sand, granite, powdered iron & sulfur, wood, concrete |
| homogeneous mixtures (examples) | milk, jello, white vinegar, corn oil, |
| kinetic | characterized by movement;pertaining to motion |
| Kinetic energy | is the energy of motion. An object which has motion - whether it be vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. |
Created by:
LindaLibbey
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