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Psych Ch. 9 - Memory
Mrs. Bonfanti 5th Period - Memory Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Memory | The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. |
| Flashbulb Memory | A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. |
| Encoding | The processing of information into the memory system. |
| Storage | The retention of encoded information over time. |
| Retrieval | The process of getting information out of memory storage. |
| Sensory Memory | The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. |
| Short-term Memory | Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten. |
| Long-term Memory | The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system including both knowledge, skills, and experiences. |
| Working Memory | A newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information. |
| Automatic Processing | Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well learned information, such as word meanings. |
| Effortful Processing | Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. |
| Rehearsal | The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it in storage. |
| Spacing Effect | The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. |
| Serial Position Effect | Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. |
| Visual Encoding | The encoding of picture images |
| Acoustic Encoding | The encoding of sound, especially the sound of words. |
| Semantic Encoding | The encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words. |
| Imagery | Mental pictures |
| Mnemonics | Memory aids |
| Chunking | Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. |
| Iconic Memory | A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli |
| Echoic Memory | A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli |
| Long-term Potentiation (LTP) | An increase in synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. |
| Implicit Memory | Retention independent of conscious recollection. |
| Explicit Memory | Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know. |
| Hippocampus | A neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage. |
| Recall | A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier (IE: a fill-in-the-blank test) |
| Recognition | A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned (IE: a multiple choice test) |
| Relearning | A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time (IE: what you're doing right now) |
| Priming | The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. |
| Deja Vu | That eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." |
| Mood-Congruent Memory | The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's mood. |
| Proactive Interference | The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of information. |
| Retroactive Interference | The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. |
| Repression(Freud) | In the psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. |
| Amnesia | The loss of memory |
| Source Misattribution | When one attributes to the wrong source an event they've heard about, read about, or imagined. |
| Misinformation Effect | Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. |
Created by:
Samantha H
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