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Personality Vocab
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character. |
| Temperaments | Person's/animal's nature, as it permanently affects their behavior. |
| Heritability | The proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to genetic variance. The extent to which genetic individual differences contribute to individual differences in observed behavior. |
| Self-report Inventories | Asks direct questions about symptoms, behaviors, and personality traits associated with one or many mental disorders or personality types in order to easily gain insight into a patient's personality or illness. |
| Trait Theories | The measurement of consistent patterns of habit in an individual's behavior, thoughts, and emotions. The theory is based on the stability of traits over time, how they differ from other individuals, and how the will influence human behavior. |
| Big Five Personality Traits | Five broad domains of personality that are used to describe human personality. The Big Five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. |
| Social-Cognitive Personality Traits | Perspective stating that understanding personality involves considering how people are affected by a particular situation, by what they have learned, by how they think, and by how they interact socially. |
| Personal-Construct Theory | Theory of personality and cognition developed by George Kelly. He made a technique called The Repertory Grid Interview that helped his patients to uncover their own way of seeing the world with minimal intervention or interpretation by the therapist. |
| Somatotype Personality Theory | William Herbert Sheldon associated body types with human temperament types. He claimed that a body type could be linked with the personality of that person. |
| Reciprocal Determination | A model composed of three factors that influence behavior: the environment, the individual, and the behavior itself. |
| Projective Personality Tests | A test designed to reveal hidden emotions and internal conflicts via a subject’s responses to ambiguous stimuli. |
| Factor Analysis | A statistical technique used for replacing a large number of variables with a smaller number of “factors” that reflect what sets of variables have in common with one another. |
| Validity | The degree to which a measurement instrument, such as a survey question, measures what we in fact think it measures. |
| Reliability | Consistency of a measure |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | Involves showing complete support and acceptance of a person no matter what that person says or does |
| Self-efficiency | Our belief in our ability to succeed in specific situations |
| Locus Control | A belief about whether the outcomes of our actions are contingent on what we do (internal control orientation) or on events outside our personal control |
| Oedipus Crisis | A boy's feelings of desire for his mother and jealously and anger towards his father. |
| Id | The personality component made up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires. |
| Ego | Part of personality that mediates the demands of the id, the superego and reality. |
| Superego | The component of personality composed of our internalized ideals that we have acquired from our parents and from society. |
| Defense Mechanisms | An automatic reaction of the body against anxiety. |
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