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AP Psych Unit 13
Chapter 16: Therapy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychotherapy | An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties |
| Biomedical therapy | Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system |
| Eclectic Approach | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy |
| Psychoanalysis | Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transference- and the therapists interpretation of them-releasing repressed feelings |
| Free Association | The process by which psychoanalysis is done. |
| Resistance | In psychoanalysis, the blocking from conscious of anxiety-laden material. |
| Transference | In psychoanalysis the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent) |
| Psychodynamic Therapy | The more modern approach to psychoanalysis, it focuses helping the patient immediately |
| Interpersonal Psychotherapy | A type of psychodynamic therapy, interpersonal therapy which seems to work on patients with major depressive disorder and is face-to-face as well as a shorter number of sessions are required to produce results and relief |
| Interpretation | In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. |
| Client-Centered Therapy | A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth. |
| Active Listening | Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy |
| Behavior Therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors |
| Counterconditioning | A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning |
| Exposure Therapies | Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid |
| Systematic Desensitization | A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. |
| Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking |
| Aversive Conditioning | A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol) |
| Token Economy | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats |
| Cognitive Therapy | Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions |
| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy | A popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy |
| Family Therapy | Therapy that treats the family as a social system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication. |
| Meta-analysis | A research procedure in which you do not conduct your own experiment but instead you analyze ALL of the research on a particular topic to form a meta-conclusion. |
| Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) | A new technique that gained popularity in the 90s. |
| Light Exposure Therapy | 90 minutes of bright light a day after four weeks of exposure it showed improvement in 61% of individuals exposed to the light. Shown to improve Seasonal Affective Disorder |
| Psychophramacology | The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior |
| Classical Antipsychotic Drugs | A dopamine antagonist that work on treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, the goal is to reduce the overactivity of dopamine. Examples of these include thorazine and chloropromazine |
| Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs | A dopamine antagonist that works on treating the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as withdrawal, the goal is to reduce the overactivity of dopamine. Examples include clozapine and clozaril |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs |
| Antianxiety Drugs | Like Xanax or Ativan that try to depress the central nervous system by trying to change how GABA interacts at the synaptic level. The goal is to increase the amount of GABA and the amount of time that GABA stays in the synapse |
| Andidepressants | Zoloft, Prozac, & Paxil, they try to increase the activity of serotonin by inhibiting reuptake (SSRIs) |
| Selective-Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Most anti-depressants are SSRIs, the goal of these drugs is to block or inhibit the reuptake process giving serotonin more time to send signals to the next neurons |
| Mood Stabilizers | Drugs that treat bipolar disorder, lithium carbonate, a common salt. |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) | A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. |
| Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) | The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity |
| Psychosurgery | Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior |
| Lobotomy | A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain |
| Humanistic Therapy | Therapy techniques designed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow that focuses on the present rather than the past, focuses on helping an individual become the best version of themselves, focuses on having the client take responsibility for their past actions |
| Insight therapies | Psychoanalysis and the more modern psychodynamic therapy, humanist therapy, and cognitive therapy are all examples of insight therapies because they emphasize focusing on internal problems and self discovery as a way to heal. Are a part of psychotherapy. |
| Unconditional positive regard | A key component of Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy in which the therapist expresses true feelings and gives their clients unconditional acceptance so that clients are open and honest and can explore their self-understanding and self-acceptance. |
| Progressive relaxation | A therapist will train you to relax one muscle group after another until you achieve a blissful state of complete relaxation and comfort. A part of exposure therapies |
| Behavior Modification | A way to use operant conditioning techniques to help patients live a more successful life. The therapist reinforces desired behaviors and withholds reinforcement or applies punishment for undesired behaviors. |
| Albert Ellis | The creator of REBT, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy which is a cognitive-behavioral therapy. |
| Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) | A cognitive therapy that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions. Encourages people to accept that there are some things they cannot change but to focus on what they can. |
| Aaron Beck | The most renown cognitive psychologist. He used positive reflective journaling in depressed patients which is write down positive events in their daily life & how they contributed to them in order to challenge and break through oppression cycle thoughts. |
| Evidence-based practice | Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. |
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thompsonce
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