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Personality
Flashcards for Personality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personality | the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character |
| Temperaments | a person's or animal's nature, especially as it permanently affects their behavior. |
| Heritability | the proportion of observed variation in a particular trait (as height) that can be attributed to inherited genetic factors in contrast to environmental ones |
| Self-report Inventories | often ask direct questions about symptoms, behaviors, and personality traits associated with one or many mental disorders or personality types in order to easily gain insight into a patient's personality or illness |
| Trait Theorists | primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. |
| Big Five Personality Traits | five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness |
| Social-Cognitive Personality Theories | he view that people learn by watching others. In psychology, it explains personality in terms of how a person thinks about and responds to one's social environment |
| Personal-Construct Theory | A psychological theory based on dimensions or categories used by a given person in describing or explaining the personality and behavior of others or of himself. The basic idea is that different people will use consistently different categories. |
| Somatotype Personality Theory | Sheldon; personality based on body types, three physiques and corresponding personality types: endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph |
| Reciprocal Determinism | theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment. |
| Projective Personality Tests | a projective test is a type of personality test in which the individual offers responses to ambiguous scenes, words or images. |
| Factor Analysis | a process in which the values of observed data are expressed as functions of a number of possible causes in order to find which are the most important. |
| Validity | the quality of being logically or factually sound; soundness or cogency. |
| Reliability | Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. A test is considered reliable if we get the same result repeatedly |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does |
| Self-efficacy | one's belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations. One's sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges |
| Locus of Control | refers to the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them |
| Id | the personality component made up of unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires. |
| Ego | the part of personality that strikes a balance between the basic urges of the id, the moralistic demands of the superego, and the realities of the world around us |
| Superego | the part of personality that is made up of all the internalized ideals that come from our parents and society |
| Defense Mechanisms | an automatic reaction of the body against disease-causing organisms |
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