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chap 17
Religion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anti-semitism | the belief or behavior that defines Jewish people as inferior and that targets them for stereotyping, mistreatment and acts of hatred |
| Brainwashing thesis | claims that innocent people are tricked into religious conversion, that religious cults manipulate and coerce people into accepting their beliefs |
| Charisma | a quality attributed to individuals believed by their followers to have special powers |
| Churches | formal organizations that see themselves and are seen by society as primary and legitimate religious institutions |
| Collective Consciousness | the body of beliefs that are common to a community or society and that give people a sense of belonging |
| Conversion | a transformation of religious identity |
| Cult | a religious group devoted to a specific cause or charismatic leader |
| Denomination | religious organizations that unite various congregations into single administrative structure |
| Ethnoreligious Group | an extreme form of an exclusive religious group |
| Exclusive religious group | religious groups with an easily identifiable religion and culture, including distinctive beliefs and strong moral teachings; they have little tolerance for diversity |
| Matriarchal religion | religions based on the centrality of female goddesses, who may be seen as the source of food, nurturance and love or who may serve as emblems of the power of women |
| Monotheism | the worship of a single God |
| Patriarchal religion | religion in which the beliefs and practices of the religion are based on male power and authority |
| polytheism | the worship of of more than one deity |
| Profane | that which is of the everyday, secular world and is specifically not religious |
| Protestant Ethic | belief that hard work and self-denial lead to salvation |
| Rationalization of society | term used by Max Weber to describe society being increasingly organized around legal, empirical and scientific forms of thought |
| religion | an institutionalized system of symbols, beliefs, values, and practices by which a group of people interprets and responds to what they feel is sacred and that provides answers to questions of ultimate meaning |
| religiosity | the intensity and consistency of practice of a persons or groups faith |
| religious socialization | the process by which one learns a particular religious faith |
| ritual | symbolic activities that express a groups spiritual convictions |
| sacred | that which is set apart from ordinary activity seen as holy and protected by special rites and rituals |
| Sect | groups that have broken off from an established church |
| Secular | the ordinary beliefs of daily life that are specifically not religious |
| Secularization | the process by which religious institutions, behavior,and consciousness lose their religious significance |
| Social Drift theory | interprets people as moving into religious cults gradually, particularly if they have experienced recent personal strains or if they have become disenchanted with their prior affiliations |
| Totem | an object or living thing that a religious group regards with special awe and reverence |
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