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chap 16
Education
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Achievement test | tests designed to measure what has been learned, not ability or potential |
| back-to-basics movement | push among some professional educators to stress the "basics" of reading, writing and arithmetic and the "canon" of classic literature |
| Charter school | a school which receives public funding but operates independently.Charter schools are an example of alternative education. |
| cognitive ability | the capacity for abstract thinking |
| cognitive elite | term used to describe the upper class in society, based on the premise that they possess a genetically based high intelligence |
| credentialism | the instance upon educational credentials only for their own sake |
| educational deflation | the decline in the value of a college education arising from increases over time in the number of persons graduating from college; the decline in value of a bachelors degree |
| labeling effect | the effect of educational role assignment as distinct from the effect of cognitive ability |
| latent functions | indirect, non-obvious consequences (functions) emerging from the activities of institutions |
| multiculturalism movement | the push to introduce into elementary, high school and college curricula more courses on different and diverse subcultures and groups, ethnic groups and gender studies |
| predictive validity | the extent to which a accurately predicts later college grades, or some other criterion such as likelihood of graduating |
| schooling | the formal, institutionalized aspects of education |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | the process by which merely applying a label changes behavior and thus tends to justify the label |
| standardized ability test | test given to large populations and scored with respect to population averages |
| stereotype threat effect | a decrease in ability test score resulting from the stress and fear of confirming a negative racial, ethnic or gender stereotype |
| teacher expectancy effect | the effect of the teachers expectations on the students actual performance, independent of the students ability |
| tracking | grouping, or stratifying, students in school on the basis of ability test scores |
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