Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MODs 17-24
meyes 9th edition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Audition | sense or act of hearing |
| Hair Cells | in hearing they trigger impulses at the base of the nerve cell |
| Gate Control Theory | Theory-spinalcord contains a neurological "gate"/blocks pain signals or lets them go to the brain "gate is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by info coming from the brain |
| Phantom limb sensation | people feel pain or movement then the limb is not there |
| taste | has survival functions sweet-energy, salty, sour- potentially toxic acid, bitter- potential poison, unami- proteins to grow and repair tissues |
| kinesthesis | the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts |
| vestibular sense | the sense of your heads position including the sense of balance |
| sensory interaction | principle that one sense may influence another as when the smell of food influneces taste |
| parapsychology | the study of paranormal phenomena inclduing esp and psychokinesis |
| extrasensory perception (ESP) | the controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; inclueds telepathy, clairvoyance, and prerecognition |
| learning | process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors |
| classical conditioning | a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events |
| associative learning | learning that certain events occur together the events may be two stimuli (classical) or a response and its consequences (operant) |
| acquisition | in classical conditioning the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response in operant conditioning the strengthening of a reinforced response |
| unconditioned stimulus | in classical conditioning a stimulus that unconditionally (naturally and automatically) triggers a response (unconditioned response) |
| conditioned stimulus | in classical conditioning originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus (us) come to trigger a conditioning response |
| unconditioned response | in classical conditioning an unlearned, naturally response (salviation) to an unconditioned stimulus (food in the mouth |
| conditioned response | in classical conditioning a learned response to a previously neutral (now conditioned) stimulus |
| cognitive learning | the acquisition of mental information whether by observing events by watching others, or through language |
| extinction | the diminishing of a conditioned response occurs in classical cond. when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant cond. when a response is no longer reinforced |
| spontaneous recovery | the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response |
| generalization | the tendency, one a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses |
| Discrimination | in classical cond. the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal and unconditioned stimulus |
| ivan pavalov | While studying salivation in dogs, Ivan Pavlov found that salivation from eating food was eventually triggered by what should have been neutral stimuli |
| operate conditioning | a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher |
| operate behavior | behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences |
| law of effect | thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely |
| respondent behavior | behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus |
| shaping | an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcerers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior |
| positive reinforcement | increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers. a positive reinforcer is any stimulus that when presented after a response strengthens the response |
| negative reinforcement | increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, a negative reinforcer is any stimulus that when removed after a response strengthen the response |
| punishment | an event that tends to decrease behavior it follows |
| B.F. Skinner | he wondered how can we more carefully measure the effect of consequences on chosen behavior?The operant chamber, often called “the Skinner box,” allowed detailed tracking of rates of behavior change in response to different rates of reinforcement. |
| learning | the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors |
| cognitive learning | the acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language |
| latent learning | learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it |
| observational learning | learning by observing others |
| modeling | the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior |
| banduras experiment | bobo doll experiment Kids saw adults punching an inflated doll while narrating their aggressive behaviors These kids were then put in a toy-deprived situation… and acted out the same behaviors they had seen. |
| mirror neurons | frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. the brains mirroring of anothers action may enable imitation and empathy |
| encoding | the processing of information into the memory system for example by extracting meaning |
| memory | the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information |
| storage | the retention of encoded information over time |
| sensory memory | the immediate very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
| short term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly such as seven digits of a phone number while dialing before the information is stored or forgotten |
| long term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. includes knowledge skills and experiences |
| chunking | organizing items into familiar manageable units often occurs automatically |
| mnemonics | memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices |
| spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice |
| implicit memory | retention independent of conscious recollection ( aka non-declarative memory) |
| explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare (aka declarative memory) |
| storage | the retention of encoded information over time |
| retrieval | the process of getting information out of memory storage |
| mood congruent momory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood |
| flashbulb memory | a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
| serial position effect | our tendency to recall best the last (recency memory) and first items (primacy effect) in a list |
| anterograde amnesia | an inability to form new memories |
| retrograde amnesia | an inability to retrieve information from ones past |
| proactive interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information |
| retroactive interference | the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
| repression | in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings and memories |
| misinformation effect | incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event |
| source amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read about or imagined. |
| deja vu | that eerie sense that ive experienced this`before...cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience |
| cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating |
| concept | a mental grouping of similar objects events ideas and people |
| prototype | a mental image or best example of a category matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories |
| algorithm | a methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem contrasts with the usually speedier but also more error prone |
| heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems effieiently usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms |
| confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information hat supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
| mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way often a way that has been successful in the past |
| intuition | an effortless immediate automatic feeling or thought as contrasted with explicit conscious reasoning |
| overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident htan correct to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments |
| framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments |
| belief perseverance | clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
| creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas |
| convergent thinking | narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution |
| divergent thinking | expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions) |
Created by:
100006528159779
Popular Psychology sets