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BOOK FINAL
Forces, Energy, and Motion
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Speed/Average Speed | The speed of an object is a measure of how far something moves in a given amount of time Average speed is a way to calculate the speed of an object that may not always be moving at a constant speed |
Force | A push or a pull |
Gravitational Force | The force of attraction on all masses |
Elastic Potential Energy | When an object has stretched or compressed |
Potential Energy | The energy an object has because of its position, composition, or chemical composition |
Output Force(Load) | The force a machine exerts on an object |
Input Force(Effort) | The force you apply to a machine through a distance |
Insulator | A material through which charges cannot move easily |
Direct Current(DC) | A current in which charges always flow in the same direction |
Circuit | A complete, closed path through which electric charges can flow |
Magnetic Field | The area surrounding a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected |
Velocity | Speed in a specific direction |
Net Force | The combination of all the forces acting on an object |
Kinetic Energy | The energy of motion |
Gravitational Potential Energy | The energy an object has due to its position above the ground |
Fulcrum | The fixed point at which a bar pivots |
Work | The use of force to move an object some distance in the direction of the force |
Semiconductor | A special class of materials that conduct electric charge better than electrical insulators but not as well as electrical conductors |
Resistance | The opposition to the flow of electric charge |
Series Circuit | A circuit in which all parts are connected in a row that forms one path for the electric charges to flow |
Electromagnet | A heavy duty magnet used in scrap yards An iron core wrapped with electric wire |
Acceleration | The rate at which velocity changes |
Inertia | The tendency of all objects to resist a change in motion |
Chemical Potential Energy | The energy an object has due to its chemical bonds (food) |
Mechanical Energy | The energy possessed by an object due to its motion and position |
Conductor | A material through which charges can move freely |
Alternating Current(AC) | A current in which charges repeatedly shift from flowing in one direction to flowing the reverse direction |
Load(Circuit) | A device that uses electrical energy to operate |
Parallel Circuit | A circuit in which charges have more than one path that they can follow |
Permanent Magnet | A magnet which holds a magnetic force |
Formula- Average Speed | average speed= distance/time |
Formula- Acceleration | average acceleration= (final velocity - starting velocity)/time |
Formula- Net Force | 1N + 2N= 3N (If forces are acting in the same direction, add. If forces are acting in opposite directions, subtract) |
Formula- Force | Force= Mass x Acceleration |
Formula- Kinetic Energy | 1/2mv(squared) m=mass v=speed |
Formula- Mechanical Energy | Kinetic Energy + Mechanical potential energy =Mechanical Energy or ME=1/2mv(squared) + mgh |
Formula- Mechanical Advantage | Mechanical Advantage= Output force/input force |
Formula- Work | work=force x distance |
Formula- Power | power= energy/time |